NR 226 BUNDLE Exam 1 Chamberlain, Exam 2 –
Fundamentals, Exam 3–4 TEST BANK | Updated
2025–2026 | Graded A+ Solved 100% Correct
Safety, Infection Control, and Vital Signs
1. What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?
Answer: Hand hygiene. Proper handwashing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based
hand rub significantly reduces the number of pathogens on the hands and is the cornerstone of
infection control.
2. Define the term "Nosocomial Infection."
Answer: A nosocomial infection, also known as a Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI), is an
infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment for another condition
in a healthcare setting (like a hospital) that was not present or incubating at the time of
admission.
3. A patient has a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F). Which nursing intervention is a priority?
Answer: The priority is to promote heat loss and lower the body temperature. Interventions
include administering prescribed antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen), encouraging
fluid intake to prevent dehydration, applying a cool cloth to the forehead, and adjusting room
temperature.
,4. Differentiate between Medical and Surgical Asepsis.
Answer:
• Medical Asepsis ("Clean Technique"): Procedures used to reduce and prevent the
spread of microorganisms. Examples include hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and routine
environmental cleaning.
• Surgical Asepsis ("Sterile Technique"): Procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms,
including pathogens and spores, from an object or area. Examples include inserting a
urinary catheter, changing a central line dressing, or in an operating room.
5. A patient's blood pressure reading is 150/94 mmHg. How would you classify this?
Answer: This is classified as Stage 1 Hypertension. Normal BP is typically <120/<80 mmHg. Stage
1 Hypertension is a systolic reading of 130-139 or a diastolic reading of 80-89. This reading
requires monitoring, lifestyle education, and possible pharmacological intervention.
6. What is the purpose of The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs)?
Answer: The NPSGs, established by The Joint Commission, are specific guidelines to improve
patient safety in accredited healthcare organizations. They focus on problems in healthcare
safety and how to solve them, such as improving patient identification, improving staff
communication, and using medications safely.
7. When should a nurse use Transmission-Based Precautions?
Answer: Transmission-Based Precautions are used in addition to Standard Precautions for
patients who are known or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible pathogens. They
are categorized based on the route of transmission: Contact, Droplet, and Airborne Precautions.
, 8. Define "Orthostatic Hypotension" and describe how to assess for it.
Answer: Orthostatic (or postural) hypotension is a significant drop in blood pressure (typically
>20 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic) when a patient moves from a lying to a standing
position. To assess:
1. Measure BP and heart rate with the patient supine.
2. Have the patient sit on the edge of the bed (dangle legs) for 1-2 minutes, then re-measure.
3. Assist the patient to stand, wait 1-2 minutes, then take a third measurement.
A significant drop with symptoms like dizziness confirms the finding.
9. List three factors that can affect a patient's body temperature.
Answer:
1. Age: Infants and older adults have less efficient temperature regulation.
2. Time of Day: Temperature is typically lowest in the early morning and highest in the late
afternoon/evening (circadian rhythm).
3. Exercise: Muscle activity increases heat production.
10. What is the "Chain of Infection" and why is it important for nurses to understand?
Answer: The Chain of Infection is a model that describes the sequence of events necessary for
an infection to occur. It includes: Infectious Agent -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit -> Mode of
Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host. Nurses understand it to break the chain at
any link, thereby preventing the spread of infection (e.g., hand hygiene breaks the "Mode of
Transmission" link).
Health Assessment & Communication
Fundamentals, Exam 3–4 TEST BANK | Updated
2025–2026 | Graded A+ Solved 100% Correct
Safety, Infection Control, and Vital Signs
1. What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?
Answer: Hand hygiene. Proper handwashing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based
hand rub significantly reduces the number of pathogens on the hands and is the cornerstone of
infection control.
2. Define the term "Nosocomial Infection."
Answer: A nosocomial infection, also known as a Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI), is an
infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment for another condition
in a healthcare setting (like a hospital) that was not present or incubating at the time of
admission.
3. A patient has a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F). Which nursing intervention is a priority?
Answer: The priority is to promote heat loss and lower the body temperature. Interventions
include administering prescribed antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen), encouraging
fluid intake to prevent dehydration, applying a cool cloth to the forehead, and adjusting room
temperature.
,4. Differentiate between Medical and Surgical Asepsis.
Answer:
• Medical Asepsis ("Clean Technique"): Procedures used to reduce and prevent the
spread of microorganisms. Examples include hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and routine
environmental cleaning.
• Surgical Asepsis ("Sterile Technique"): Procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms,
including pathogens and spores, from an object or area. Examples include inserting a
urinary catheter, changing a central line dressing, or in an operating room.
5. A patient's blood pressure reading is 150/94 mmHg. How would you classify this?
Answer: This is classified as Stage 1 Hypertension. Normal BP is typically <120/<80 mmHg. Stage
1 Hypertension is a systolic reading of 130-139 or a diastolic reading of 80-89. This reading
requires monitoring, lifestyle education, and possible pharmacological intervention.
6. What is the purpose of The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs)?
Answer: The NPSGs, established by The Joint Commission, are specific guidelines to improve
patient safety in accredited healthcare organizations. They focus on problems in healthcare
safety and how to solve them, such as improving patient identification, improving staff
communication, and using medications safely.
7. When should a nurse use Transmission-Based Precautions?
Answer: Transmission-Based Precautions are used in addition to Standard Precautions for
patients who are known or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible pathogens. They
are categorized based on the route of transmission: Contact, Droplet, and Airborne Precautions.
, 8. Define "Orthostatic Hypotension" and describe how to assess for it.
Answer: Orthostatic (or postural) hypotension is a significant drop in blood pressure (typically
>20 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic) when a patient moves from a lying to a standing
position. To assess:
1. Measure BP and heart rate with the patient supine.
2. Have the patient sit on the edge of the bed (dangle legs) for 1-2 minutes, then re-measure.
3. Assist the patient to stand, wait 1-2 minutes, then take a third measurement.
A significant drop with symptoms like dizziness confirms the finding.
9. List three factors that can affect a patient's body temperature.
Answer:
1. Age: Infants and older adults have less efficient temperature regulation.
2. Time of Day: Temperature is typically lowest in the early morning and highest in the late
afternoon/evening (circadian rhythm).
3. Exercise: Muscle activity increases heat production.
10. What is the "Chain of Infection" and why is it important for nurses to understand?
Answer: The Chain of Infection is a model that describes the sequence of events necessary for
an infection to occur. It includes: Infectious Agent -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit -> Mode of
Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host. Nurses understand it to break the chain at
any link, thereby preventing the spread of infection (e.g., hand hygiene breaks the "Mode of
Transmission" link).
Health Assessment & Communication
