NR 283 PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283 PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Pain Correct Answer Unpleasant sensation: Discomfort caused by stimulation of pain receptors It is body defense mechanism: Warning of a problem Causes of pain Correct Answer Infection Ischemia and tissue necrosis Stretching of tissue Stretching of tendons, ligaments, joint capsule Chemicals eg Acid Burns ( extreme heat) Muscle spasm Somatic pain Correct Answer Pain coming from skin (cutaneous) and Bone muscle Conducted by sensory fibers Visceral pain Correct Answer Originates in organs Conducted by sympathetic fibers May be acute or chronic Pain fibers Correct Answer Are acute pain fibers and chronic pain fibers. Myelinated A Dexter fibers: transmit impulses very quickly. This is for acute pain Ummyelinated C fibers: transmit impulses slowly for chronic pain: dull, diffuse,burning or aching sensation Nociceptors (pain receptors) Correct Answer sensory receptors that enable the perception of pain in response to potentially harmful stimuli. Simulated by: Thermal means: extreme temperature Chemicals eg Acid 2 Physical: due to pressure Reflex (efferent) response Correct Answer Involuntary muscle contraction away from pain source Involuntary muscle contraction to guard against movement Phantom Pain Correct Answer sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb. Pain itching, tingling Usually does not respond to common pain therapies. May resolve within weeks to months Pain threshold Correct Answer amount of stimulation required before a person experiences the sensation of pain. It is the same for everybody Pain tolerance Correct Answer Ability to cope with pain 3 Varies among individuals Degree of pain, intensity, or duration May be increased by endorphin release. May be reduced because of fatigue or stress Pain perception Correct Answer conscious awareness of pain. Subjective but can be compared from day to day in same person. Acute Pain Correct Answer Usually sudden and severe, short term Indicates tissue damage. May be localized or generalized Initiates physiologic stress response: high blood pressure, high heart rate, Vomiting Acute Pain physiologic stress response. Correct Answer Increase blood pressure and heart rate; cool, pale, moist skin; increase respiratory rate; increase skeletal muscle tension 4 Chronic Pain Correct Answer Occurs over extended time; may be recurrent Usually more difficult to treat than acute pain More generalized Individual is fatigued, irritable, or depressed Sleep disturbances common Cause is less apparent Appetite may be affected: Can lead to weight gain or loss. Frequently affects daily activities Reduces tolerance to additional pain reduced consciousness may lead to Correct Answer confusion and disorientation. memory loss. unresponsiveness to verbal stimuli. difficulty in arousal. loss of consciousness or coma. Neuropathic pain