NR 283 FINAL EXAM REVIEW CHAMBERLAIN FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283 FINAL EXAM REVIEW CHAMBERLAIN FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Osetoporosis Correct Answer Decreased Bone Mineral Density Osteoporosis Pathophysiology Correct Answer Bone remodeling leads to increased bone reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. Risk factors for Osteoporosis Correct Answer 1. Postmenopausal women 2. Aging 3. Sedentary Lifestyle 4. Hyperthyroidism 5. Smoking 1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer Autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammation Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer 1. Neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage 2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone 3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue 4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis Correct Answer Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear" cartilage breaks down causing stiff joints and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional symptoms include fever and affects all synovial joints. Acute Pain 2 Correct Answer Condition last 3 months. Body's protective mechanism. Can be classified as somatic, visceral, or referred. Chronic pain Correct Answer Lasts 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly understood. Neuropathic pain Correct Answer Dysfunction of the nervous system. i.e. Fibromyalgia Pain management Correct Answer What is the treatment that increases or decreases transmission of pain signals. Neurotransmitters Correct Answer What are the chemicals that the nervous system uses to communicate with a brain. Pain Transduction 3 4 Correct Answer Nociceptors receptor at the end of a sensory neuron's axon that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending possible threat signals to the spinal cord and the brain Pain transmission Correct Answer What pain pathway signal goes to the central nervous system Pain perception Correct Answer Pain pathway how the brain interprets the pain signal Pain threshold Correct Answer Minimum amount of stimuli that it takes for you to perceive pain. This pathway is the same for everyone Pain tolerance Correct Answer The amount of pain the body can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli. Afferent Correct Answer The type of pain that transmit from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system Efferent Correct Answer When the pain goes from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system tell somebody how to react. Endorphins Correct Answer Chemicals released usually during exercise to prevent pain transmission signals. Serotonin and GABA Correct Answer What chemical reduces translation of pain. This usually happens after the labor/childbirth Seizures Correct Answer This condition as a result of massive firing of neurons all at the same time. 5 Why are seizures life-threatening? Correct Answer Can cause aspiration, trauma, hypoxia, hypoglycemia