NR 283 | FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283 | FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) why is it important to feel pain Correct Answer Pain is a body defense mechanism and is a warning of a problem. what are possible causes of pain Correct Answer Causes of pain are inflammation, infection, ischemia, tissue necrosis, stretching of tissue, stretching of tendons/ligaments/joints capsule, chemicals, burns, and muscle spasms. cause of chest pain Correct Answer A blockage in the within the heart blood vessels that reduce the blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. cause of gas pain Correct Answer Gas trapped within the large intestine due to fiber, starches and some sugars 1 somatic pain Correct Answer may arise from the skin (cutaneous) or from deeper structures such as bone or muscle, to be conducted by sensory nerves. visceral pain Correct Answer originates in the organs and travels by sympathetic fibers. Depending on the cause, pain may be sudden and short term, marked primarily by a reflex withdrawal. referred pain Correct Answer sometimes the source of a pain stimulus can be localized to a specific area. In other cases, the pain is generalized, and the source is difficult to determine. Sometimes the pain is perceived at a site distant from the source. phantom pain Correct Answer Pain or another sensation such as itching or tingling occurs in some individuals, usually adults, after an amputation. Is 2 3 perceived by the person as occurring in the lost limb and usually does not respond to usual pain therapies. nociceptors Correct Answer are free sensory nerve endings that are present in most tissues of the body. how are nociceptors stimulated Correct Answer Nociceptors may be stimulated by thermal, chemical, or mechanical/physical means. pain threshold Correct Answer refers to the level of stimulation required to activate the nerve endings sufficiently for the individual to perceive pain pain tolerance Correct Answer is the ability to withstand pain or the perception of its intensity. clinical manifestations of pain Correct Answer · Frowning · Grimacing · Appetite changes · Poor sleeping · Fearful expression · Teeth grinding · Fidgeting · Groaning or moaning · Crying · Sighing · Heavy breathing · Decreasing activity · Change in gait · A loss of function OLDCART Correct Answer -O: onset -L: location -D: duration 4 -C: character -A: alleviating or aggravating factors -R: radiation -T: time acute pain Correct Answer • Onset of acute pain is usually sudden and severe, but short term. • It indicates tissue damage and decreases once the cause has been treated. • It may be localized or generalized. • Acute pain usually initiates a physiologic stress response with increased blood pressure and heart rate; cool, pale, moist skin; increased respiratory rate; and increased skeletal muscle tension. • Vomiting may occur. • In addition, there may be a strong emotional response, as indicated by facial or verbal expression and a high anxiety level. chronic pain 5 Correct Answer • Chronic pain is usually more difficult to treat effectively than acute pain, and the prognosis may be less certain. • The patient often perceives chronic pain as being more generalized, and it is difficult to discern an exact location. • Because a specific cause may be less apparent to the person experiencing the pain, the pain is more difficult to deal with and can be debilitating. • It is impossible to sustain a stress response over a long period of time, and the individual with chronic pain frequently is fatigued, irritable, and depressed. • Sleep disturbances are common, and appetite may be affected, leading to weight gain or loss. • Constant pain frequently affects daily activities and may become a primary focus in the life of the individual, thus complicating any measures to affect pain control by medication or other methods. • Periods of acute pain may accompany exacerbations of chronic disease, making it more difficult for the patient to participate effectively in a pain management program. • Long-term pain usually reduces tolerance to any additional injury or illness. mild