Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children Test Bank, 8th Edition – Understanding Cellular, Genetic, and Systemic Mechanisms of Human Disease

TEST BANK bj




PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults
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And Children
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8THEDITION BY KATHRYN L. MCC
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ANCE

,McCance:bjPathophysiology:bjThebjBiologicbjBasisbjforbjDiseasebjinbjAdultsbjandbjChildrenbj(8thbjEdition)bjTES
TbjBANK

CONTENTS:
Chapterbj01:bjCellularbjBiology
Chapterbj02:bjAlteredbjCellularbjandbjTissuebjBiology:bjEnvironmentalbjAgents
Chapterbj03:bjThebjCellularbjEnvironment:bjFluidsbjandbjElectrolytes,bjAcidsbjandbjBases
Chapterbj04:bjGenesbjandbjGeneticbjDiseases
Chapterbj05:bjGenes,bjEnvironment-Lifestyle,bjandbjCommonbjDiseases
Chapterbj06:bjEpigeneticsbjandbjDisease
Chapterbj07:bjInnatebjImmunity:bjInflammationbjandbjWoundbjHealing
Chapterbj08:bjAdaptivebjImmunity
Chapterbj09:bjAlterationsbjinbjImmunitybjandbjInflammation
Chapterbj10:bjInfection
Chapterbj11:bjStressbjandbjDisease
Chapterbj12:bjCancerbjBiology
Chapterbj13:bjCancerbjEpidemiology
Chapterbj14:bjCancerbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj15:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjNeurologicbjSystem
Chapterbj16:bjPain,bjTemperaturebjRegulation,bjSleep,bjandbjSensorybjFunction
Chapterbj17:bjAlterationsbjinbjCognitivebjSystems,bjCerebralbjHemodynamics,bjandbjMotorbjFunction
Chapterbj18:bjDisordersbjofbjthebjCentralbjandbjPeripheralbjNervousbjSystemsbjandbjthebjNeuromuscularbjJunction
Chapterbj19:bjNeurobiologybjofbjSchizophrenia,bjMoodbjDisorders,bjandbjAnxietybjDisorders
Chapterbj20:bjAlterationsbjofbjNeurologicbjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj21:bjMechanismsbjofbjHormonalbjRegulation
Chapterbj22:bjAlterationsbjofbjHormonalbjRegulation
Chapterbj23:bjObesitybjandbjDisordersbjofbjNutrition
Chapterbj24:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjReproductivebjSystems
Chapterbj25:bjAlterationsbjofbjthebjFemalebjReproductivebjSystem
Chapterbj26:bjAlterationsbjofbjthebjMalebjReproductivebjSystem
Chapterbj27:bjSexuallybjTransmittedbjInfections
Chapterbj28:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjHematologicbjSystem
Chapterbj29:bjAlterationsbjofbjErythrocytes,bjPlatelets,bjandbjHemostaticbjFunction
Chapterbj30:bjAlterationsbjofbjLeukocytebjandbjLymphoidbjFunction
Chapterbj31:bjAlterationsbjofbjHematologicbjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj32:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjCardiovascularbjandbjLymphaticbjSystems
Chapterbj33:bjAlterationsbjofbjCardiovascularbjFunction
Chapterbj34:bjAlterationsbjofbjCardiovascularbjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj35:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjPulmonarybjSystem
Chapterbj36:bjAlterationsbjofbjPulmonarybjFunction
Chapterbj37:bjAlterationsbjofbjPulmonarybjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj38:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjRenalbjandbjUrologicbjSystems
Chapterbj39:bjAlterationsbjofbjRenalbjandbjUrinarybjTractbjFunction
Chapterbj40:bjAlterationsbjofbjRenalbjandbjUrinarybjTractbjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj41:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjDigestivebjSystem
Chapterbj42:bjAlterationsbjofbjDigestivebjFunction
Chapterbj43:bjAlterationsbjofbjDigestivebjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj44:bjStructurebjandbjFunctionbjofbjthebjMusculoskeletalbjSystem
Chapterbj45:bjAlterationsbjofbjMusculoskeletalbjFunction
Chapterbj46:bjAlterationsbjofbjMusculoskeletalbjFunctionbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj47:bjStructure,bjFunction,bjandbjDisordersbjofbjthebjIntegument
Chapterbj48:bjAlterationsbjofbjthebjIntegumentbjinbjChildren
Chapterbj49:bjShock,bjMultiplebjOrganbjDysfunctionbjSyndrome,bjandbjBurnsbjinbjAdults
Chapterbj50:bjShock,bjMultiplebjOrganbjDysfunctionbjSyndrome,bjandbjBurnsbjinbjChildren

, McCance:bjPathophysiology:bjThebjBiologicbjBasisbjforbjDiseasebjinbjAdultsbjandbjChildrenbj(8thbjEdition)bjTESTbjB
ANK


Partbj1:bjCENTRALbjCONCEPTSbjOFbjPATHOPHYSIOLOGY:bjCELLSbjANDbjTISSUESb
jUnitbjI:bjTHEbjCELL



CHAPTERbj01:bjCELLULARbjBIOLOGY

MULTIPLEbjCHOICE

1. Whichbjstatementbjbestbjdescribesbjthebjcellularbjfunctionbjofbjmetabolicbjabsorption?
a. Cellsbjcanbjproducebjproteins.
b. Cellsbjcanbjsecretebjdigestivebjenzymes
.
c. Cellsbjcanbjtakebjinbjandbjusebjnutrients.
d. Cellsbjcanbjsynthesizebjfats.

ANS:b j C
Inbjmetabolicbjabsorption,bjallbjcellsbjtakebjinbjandbjusebjnutrientsbjandbjotherbjsubstancesbjfrombjtheirbjs
urroundings.bjThebjremainingbjoptionsbjarebjnotbjinclusivebjinbjtheirbjdescriptionsbjofbjcellularbjmetabol
icbjabsorption.

PTS:b j b j 1 DIF: CognitivebjLevel:bjRemembering

2. Wherebjisbjmostbjofbjabjcell’sbjgeneticbjinformation,bjincludingbjRNAbjandbjDNA,bjcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome

ANS:b j C
Thebjnucleusbjcontainsbjthebjnucleolus,bjabjsmallbjdensebjstructurebjcomposedbjlargelybjofbjRNA,bjmost
bjofbjthebjcellularbjDNA,bjandbjthebjDNA-

bindingbjproteins,bjsuchbjasbjthebjhistones,bjwhichbjregulatebjitsbjactivity.bjThebjmitochondriabjarebjres
ponsiblebjforbjcellularbjrespirationbjandbjenergybjproduction.
Ribosomes’bjchiefbjfunctionbjisbjtobjprovidebjsitesbjforbjcellularbjproteinbjsynthesis.bjLysosomesbjfuncti
onbjasbjthebjintracellularbjdigestivebjsystem.

PTS:b j b j 1 DIF: CognitivebjLevel:bjRemembering

3. Whichbjcomponentbjofbjthebjcellbjproducesbjhydrogenbjperoxidebj(H2O2)bjbybjusingbjoxygenbjtobjrem
ovebjhydrogenbjatomsbjfrombjspecificbjsubstratesbjinbjanbjoxidativebjreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome

ANS:b j B

, McCance:bjPathophysiology:bjThebjBiologicbjBasisbjforbjDiseasebjinbjAdultsbjandbjChildrenbj(8thbjEdition)bjTESTbjB
ANK


Peroxisomesbjarebjsobjnamedbjbecausebjtheybjusuallybjcontainbjenzymesbjthatbjusebjoxygenbjtobjremov
ebjhydrogenbjatomsbjfrombjspecificbjsubstratesbjinbjanbjoxidativebjreactionbjthatbjproducesbjH2O2,bjwhic
hbjisbjabjpowerfulbjoxidantbjandbjpotentiallybjdestructivebjifbjitbjaccumulatesbjorbjescapesbjfrombjperoxis
omes.
RibosomesbjarebjRNA-
proteinbjcomplexesbj(nucleoproteins)bjthatbjarebjsynthesizedbjinbjthebjnucleolusbjandbjsecretedbjintobjth
ebjcytoplasmbjthroughbjporesbjinbjthebjnuclearbjenvelopebjcalledbjnuclearbjporebjcomplexes.bjLysosom
esbjarebjsaclikebjstructuresbjthatbjoriginatebjfrombjthebjGolgibjcomplexbjandbjcontainbjmorebjthanbj40bjdig
estivebjenzymesbjcalledbjhydrolases,bjwhichbjcatalyzebjbondsbjinbjproteins,bjlipids,bjnucleicbjacids,bjan
dbjcarbohydrates.bjAnbjendosomebjisbjabjvesicalbjthatbjhasbjbeenbjpinchedbjoffbjfrombjthebjcellularbjmem
brane.

PTS:b j b j 1 DIF: CognitivebjLevel:bjRemembering

4. Whichbjcellbjcomponentbjisbjcapablebjofbjcellularbjautodigestionbjwhenbjitbjisbjreleasedbjduringbjcellbjinjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgibjcomplex
c. Smoothbjendoplasmicbjreticulum
d. Lysosomes

ANS:b j D
Thebjlysosomalbjmembranebjactsbjasbjabjprotectivebjshieldbjbetweenbjthebjpowerfulbjdigestivebjenzyme
sbjwithinbjthebjlysosomebjandbjthebjcytoplasm,bjpreventingbjtheirbjleakagebjintobjthebjcytoplasmicbjmat
rix.bjDisruptionbjofbjthebjmembranebjbybjvariousbjtreatmentsbjorbjcellularbjinjurybjleadsbjtobjabjreleasebj
ofbjthebjlysosomalbjenzymes,bjwhichbjcanbjthenbjreactbjwithbjtheirbjspecificbjsubstrates,bjcausingbjcellul
arbjself-
bjdigestion.bjThebjchiefbjfunctionbjofbjabjribosomebjisbjtobjprovidebjsitesbjforbjcellularbjproteinbjsynthesis.b

jThebjGolgibjcomplexbjisbjabjnetworkbjofbjflattened,bjsmoothbjvesiclesbjandbjmembranesbjoftenbjlocatedbj

nearbjthebjcellbjnucleus.bjThebjsmoothbjendoplasmicbjreticulumbjisbjinvolvedbjinbjsteroidbjhormonebjpro
ductionbjandbjremovingbjtoxicbjsubstancesbjfrombjthebjcell.

PTS:b j b j 1 DIF: CognitivebjLevel:bjRemembering

5. WhichbjcAMP-mediatedbjresponsebjisbjrelatedbjtobjantidiureticbjhormone?
a. Increasedbjheartbjratebjandbjforcebjofbjcontractio
n
b. Secretionbjofbjcortisol
c. Increasedbjretentionbjofbjwater
d. Breakdownbjofbjfat

ANS:b j C
Antidiureticbjhormonebjleadsbjtobjincreasedbjretentionbjofbjwaterbjinbjthebjbody.bjEpinephrinebjcausesbj
increasesbjinbjheartbjratebjandbjforcebjofbjcontraction.bjIncreasedbjcortisolbjsecretionbjisbjduebjtobjACTH.b
jBreakdownbjofbjfatbjisbjduebjtobjglucagon.



PTS:b j b j 1 DIF: CognitivebjLevel:bjRemembering

6. DuringbjwhichbjphasebjofbjthebjcellbjcyclebjisbjDNAbjsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M