NR 283 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 283 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) What is cellular adaptation? Correct answer the cells have mechanisms by which they can adapt their growth and differentiation to altered conditions in the body What is differentiation? Correct answer the cell's specialization or specific job to perform a specific function or it's ability to metamorphize to a different cell that is needed (undifferentiated cells are bad, differentiated is good) What is atrophy? Correct answer decrease in the size of individual cells, resulting in a reduced tissue mass What is hypertrophy? Correct answer increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass 1 What is hyperplasia? Correct answer increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass What is metaplasia? Correct answer when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type What is dysplasia? Correct answer apply to tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased (usually precancerous cells) What is neoplasia? Correct answer "new growth", commonly called a tumor. Tumor is either malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous) Where does fluid excess occur? 2 Correct answer extracellular compartments What are the causes of fluid excess? Correct answer kidney failure Liver failure Heart failure Increased sodium intake Iv fluids Blood transfusions Where is albumin found and what is the function? Correct answer albumin is found in the liver; it keeps fluid from leaking out of the blood and to carry substances like hormones, enzymes, and vitamins in the body; regulates fluid movement What is dyspnea? Correct answer shortness of breath What are the manifestations of fluid excess? 3 Correct answer dyspnea Decreased lab values Increased urine output High blood pressure Bounding (slow or fast) pulse Jugulr vein distention (jvd) Edema Weight gain What is edema? Correct answer excess fluid in the interstitial compartment that causes swelling What are the causes of edema? Correct answer increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Decreased capillary osmotic pressure Increased capillary permeability Obstruction of the lymphatic circulation 4 In edema, what does histamine do? Correct answer histamine causes vasodilation which is going to allow fluid to leak into the interstitial space and less fluid to return to the vessel What are the complications of edema? Correct answer restriction in rom at joints Pain Decreased arterial circulation Skin breakdown or damage What is fluid deficit? Correct answer insufficient body fluid What are the causes of fluid deficit? Correct answer excessive loss Inadequate intake Or combination of both 5 What are the risk factors of fluid deficit? Correct answer vomiting Diarrhea Excessive sweating Insufficient h2o intake Hemorrhage What are the manifestations of fluid deficit? Correct answer dry mucous membranes Decreased skin turgor (tenting) Increased lab value Decreased urine output Low blood pressure Fast (tachycardia) & weak heart rate Confusion What is hemoconcentration? Correct answer increased concentration of cells and solids in the blood usually resulting from loss of fluid in the tissues