BRAINSCAPE1
GEOS 1001 - Final Exam with
complete solutions latest version
nuclear fusion - CORRECT ANSWER-origin of elements through nucleosynthesis
life support mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER-water, gravity, orbit, magnetosphere
(shield), plate tectonics
resilience - CORRECT ANSWER-capacity to withstand shock, adapt to changing
circumstances, and transform
planetary boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER-
human geography - CORRECT ANSWER-ways humanity and physical world interact
food security - CORRECT ANSWER-available & adequate access at all times to
sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy life
food availability - CORRECT ANSWER-available in sufficient quantities and on a
consistent basis
food access - CORRECT ANSWER-ability to regularly acquire adequate quantities of
food
food utilization - CORRECT ANSWER-must have (+) nutritional impact on people
horizons - CORRECT ANSWER-different layers of soil
soil factors - CORRECT ANSWER-property, climate, organisms, topography, parent
material, time
Kopen-Geiger climate classification - CORRECT ANSWER-based on rain, seasonality,
temp; tropical, arid, temperate, cold, polar
soil functions - CORRECT ANSWER-stability for plants, store for water, holds nutrients,
stores contaminants
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
water functions - CORRECT ANSWER-moving landscape, transport medium, solvent
glaciation - CORRECT ANSWER-recreates landscapes, crushes rocks and soils;
absorbed water and allowed migration
eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWER-excess of water nutrients leading to blue/green
algae and dead zones
biochemical flows (sinks) - CORRECT ANSWER-excess nutrients in soil ends up in
waterways
groundwater - CORRECT ANSWER-majority of worlds freshwater, takes decades to
recharge and is being depleted
human history - CORRECT ANSWER-last minute of the year of earth history
deep time - CORRECT ANSWER-rock record used to reconstruct past
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-chemically pure substances, crystalline structure
(ordered atomic structure, repeating patter)
quartz - CORRECT ANSWER-silicon dioxide (2 most abundant elements in crust)
rock - CORRECT ANSWER-collection of minerals
igneous rock - CORRECT ANSWER-volcanic cooled molten rock (magma below, lava
on surface)
exclusive igneous - CORRECT ANSWER-volcanic rock from low viscosity lava flow
intrusive igneous - CORRECT ANSWER-magma cooling slowly underground and grows
interlocking crystals; resistant to weathering
metamorphic rock - CORRECT ANSWER-pressure or heat added like volcano; contact
or regional from pressure
sedimentary - CORRECT ANSWER-fine grained rock made from other eroded,
deposited and cemented rock; sandstone (small) or conglomerate (larger)
uniformitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER-present as the key to the past, geo processes
haven't changed much
principle of superposition - CORRECT ANSWER-rocks at bottom of stratigraphic
sequence are older than those at the top
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
original horizontality - CORRECT ANSWER-assume sediment deposited horizontally,
folded sequences show deposit and then tectonic movement
principle of lateral continuity - CORRECT ANSWER-layers should be continuous across
a wide region, even if a river is inbetween
cross-cutting relationships - CORRECT ANSWER-rocks being cut are older; offsets and
folds signify cronology
principle of inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER-inclusions of smaller rocks are older
faunal succession - CORRECT ANSWER-evolution progresses, some become extinct
and we can trace these through geological records
natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER-organisms have random mutations with the
beneficial ones helping survival and reproduction
unconformities - CORRECT ANSWER-missing time; continental collisions cause
confusing flipped structures
first principles of geology - CORRECT ANSWER-determining relative ages
absolute ages - CORRECT ANSWER-gives the magnitude of time before present using
SI units of Ma (million years)
absolute dating - CORRECT ANSWER-using rings on trees for example
radioactive decay - CORRECT ANSWER-labs can tell how long it takes to decay and
use this to determine age of minerals
radiocarbon dating - CORRECT ANSWER-C-14 is radioactive isotope of carbon and
decay is analysed
Bishop James Ussher - CORRECT ANSWER-stated earth's age using historical context
of bible
Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) - CORRECT ANSWER-used thermal gradients and
assumption of conductive heat loss to calculate earths age as 20 to 40 Ma
Clair Cameron Patterson - CORRECT ANSWER-use radiometric dating to find earth is
about 5 Ba
chondrites - CORRECT ANSWER-meteorites that geochemically represent the
primordial composition of the solar system
zircons - CORRECT ANSWER-tough minerals, Ba through multiple rock cycles
BRAINSCAPE1
GEOS 1001 - Final Exam with
complete solutions latest version
nuclear fusion - CORRECT ANSWER-origin of elements through nucleosynthesis
life support mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER-water, gravity, orbit, magnetosphere
(shield), plate tectonics
resilience - CORRECT ANSWER-capacity to withstand shock, adapt to changing
circumstances, and transform
planetary boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER-
human geography - CORRECT ANSWER-ways humanity and physical world interact
food security - CORRECT ANSWER-available & adequate access at all times to
sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy life
food availability - CORRECT ANSWER-available in sufficient quantities and on a
consistent basis
food access - CORRECT ANSWER-ability to regularly acquire adequate quantities of
food
food utilization - CORRECT ANSWER-must have (+) nutritional impact on people
horizons - CORRECT ANSWER-different layers of soil
soil factors - CORRECT ANSWER-property, climate, organisms, topography, parent
material, time
Kopen-Geiger climate classification - CORRECT ANSWER-based on rain, seasonality,
temp; tropical, arid, temperate, cold, polar
soil functions - CORRECT ANSWER-stability for plants, store for water, holds nutrients,
stores contaminants
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
water functions - CORRECT ANSWER-moving landscape, transport medium, solvent
glaciation - CORRECT ANSWER-recreates landscapes, crushes rocks and soils;
absorbed water and allowed migration
eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWER-excess of water nutrients leading to blue/green
algae and dead zones
biochemical flows (sinks) - CORRECT ANSWER-excess nutrients in soil ends up in
waterways
groundwater - CORRECT ANSWER-majority of worlds freshwater, takes decades to
recharge and is being depleted
human history - CORRECT ANSWER-last minute of the year of earth history
deep time - CORRECT ANSWER-rock record used to reconstruct past
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-chemically pure substances, crystalline structure
(ordered atomic structure, repeating patter)
quartz - CORRECT ANSWER-silicon dioxide (2 most abundant elements in crust)
rock - CORRECT ANSWER-collection of minerals
igneous rock - CORRECT ANSWER-volcanic cooled molten rock (magma below, lava
on surface)
exclusive igneous - CORRECT ANSWER-volcanic rock from low viscosity lava flow
intrusive igneous - CORRECT ANSWER-magma cooling slowly underground and grows
interlocking crystals; resistant to weathering
metamorphic rock - CORRECT ANSWER-pressure or heat added like volcano; contact
or regional from pressure
sedimentary - CORRECT ANSWER-fine grained rock made from other eroded,
deposited and cemented rock; sandstone (small) or conglomerate (larger)
uniformitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER-present as the key to the past, geo processes
haven't changed much
principle of superposition - CORRECT ANSWER-rocks at bottom of stratigraphic
sequence are older than those at the top
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
original horizontality - CORRECT ANSWER-assume sediment deposited horizontally,
folded sequences show deposit and then tectonic movement
principle of lateral continuity - CORRECT ANSWER-layers should be continuous across
a wide region, even if a river is inbetween
cross-cutting relationships - CORRECT ANSWER-rocks being cut are older; offsets and
folds signify cronology
principle of inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER-inclusions of smaller rocks are older
faunal succession - CORRECT ANSWER-evolution progresses, some become extinct
and we can trace these through geological records
natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER-organisms have random mutations with the
beneficial ones helping survival and reproduction
unconformities - CORRECT ANSWER-missing time; continental collisions cause
confusing flipped structures
first principles of geology - CORRECT ANSWER-determining relative ages
absolute ages - CORRECT ANSWER-gives the magnitude of time before present using
SI units of Ma (million years)
absolute dating - CORRECT ANSWER-using rings on trees for example
radioactive decay - CORRECT ANSWER-labs can tell how long it takes to decay and
use this to determine age of minerals
radiocarbon dating - CORRECT ANSWER-C-14 is radioactive isotope of carbon and
decay is analysed
Bishop James Ussher - CORRECT ANSWER-stated earth's age using historical context
of bible
Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) - CORRECT ANSWER-used thermal gradients and
assumption of conductive heat loss to calculate earths age as 20 to 40 Ma
Clair Cameron Patterson - CORRECT ANSWER-use radiometric dating to find earth is
about 5 Ba
chondrites - CORRECT ANSWER-meteorites that geochemically represent the
primordial composition of the solar system
zircons - CORRECT ANSWER-tough minerals, Ba through multiple rock cycles
BRAINSCAPE1
