GGSIPU
LAW OF CRIME - I
LLB203
DEFINITION OF CRIME
A crime is an act or omission that is forbidden by law, punishable by the State, and considered
harmful to society.
In simple terms, crime is a wrongful act that violates the law and affects public order or morality
Stages of Crime
There are four stages in the commission of a crime:
1. Intention (Mental Stage) :-
The first stage is the mental decision to commit a crime.
Merely having an intention is not punishable, as thoughts alone do not harm society.
2. Preparation :-
This involves arranging means or measures necessary to commit the offence (e.g., buying a
weapon, planning a robbery).
Generally not punishable, except in some cases like preparation for waging war, counterfeiting,
or dacoity.
3. Attempt :-
When a person directly moves towards the commission of a crime after preparation but fails to
complete it.
Attempt is punishable, because it shows the clear intention to break the law.
Example: Shooting at someone with intent to kill, but missing.
4. Commission (Completion) :-
The final stage when the act is successfully completed and the crime is fully committed.
Example: The person dies due to the shot — it becomes murder.
Extent and Operation of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
What is Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023:-
, The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 is the new penal code of India.
It replaces the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC).
It was enacted by Parliament (assented by the President) on 25 December 2023.
It came into force on 1 July 2024.
Extent / Jurisdiction
The extent of BNS deals with where and in what situations it applies.
1. Geographical extent
The law applies to acts committed within India.
It also covers certain acts committed outside India, in specified circumstances. For example:
a) Any citizen of India committing an offense outside India.
b) Any person on an Indian ship or aircraft, wherever it may be.
c) Any person outside India committing an offence targeting a computer resource located in
India.
2. Person’s liability
Every person is liable to punishment under this Sanhita for any act or omission that is contrary
to its provisions and which they commit.
Also, there are general definitions and explanations to cover various kinds of acts, mistakes,
justifications etc.
3. Time of enactment / Transitional provisions
Since the BNS replaces IPC, acts committed before BNS comes into effect may still be judged
under the old law (IPC), subject to transitional / savings provisions.
Operation / How It Works in Practice
Here are the key mechanisms and features of how BNS operates:
1. Structure & Sections
It comprises of multiple chapters and a large number of sections: 20 chapters and 358 sections.
LAW OF CRIME - I
LLB203
DEFINITION OF CRIME
A crime is an act or omission that is forbidden by law, punishable by the State, and considered
harmful to society.
In simple terms, crime is a wrongful act that violates the law and affects public order or morality
Stages of Crime
There are four stages in the commission of a crime:
1. Intention (Mental Stage) :-
The first stage is the mental decision to commit a crime.
Merely having an intention is not punishable, as thoughts alone do not harm society.
2. Preparation :-
This involves arranging means or measures necessary to commit the offence (e.g., buying a
weapon, planning a robbery).
Generally not punishable, except in some cases like preparation for waging war, counterfeiting,
or dacoity.
3. Attempt :-
When a person directly moves towards the commission of a crime after preparation but fails to
complete it.
Attempt is punishable, because it shows the clear intention to break the law.
Example: Shooting at someone with intent to kill, but missing.
4. Commission (Completion) :-
The final stage when the act is successfully completed and the crime is fully committed.
Example: The person dies due to the shot — it becomes murder.
Extent and Operation of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
What is Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023:-
, The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 is the new penal code of India.
It replaces the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC).
It was enacted by Parliament (assented by the President) on 25 December 2023.
It came into force on 1 July 2024.
Extent / Jurisdiction
The extent of BNS deals with where and in what situations it applies.
1. Geographical extent
The law applies to acts committed within India.
It also covers certain acts committed outside India, in specified circumstances. For example:
a) Any citizen of India committing an offense outside India.
b) Any person on an Indian ship or aircraft, wherever it may be.
c) Any person outside India committing an offence targeting a computer resource located in
India.
2. Person’s liability
Every person is liable to punishment under this Sanhita for any act or omission that is contrary
to its provisions and which they commit.
Also, there are general definitions and explanations to cover various kinds of acts, mistakes,
justifications etc.
3. Time of enactment / Transitional provisions
Since the BNS replaces IPC, acts committed before BNS comes into effect may still be judged
under the old law (IPC), subject to transitional / savings provisions.
Operation / How It Works in Practice
Here are the key mechanisms and features of how BNS operates:
1. Structure & Sections
It comprises of multiple chapters and a large number of sections: 20 chapters and 358 sections.
