HUGO TEST UNIT 7 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
The Industrial Revolution
1) Explain how the Industrial Revolution facilitated the growth and diffusion of industrialization.
- ANS ✔✔1) Industrialization began as a result of new technologies and was facilitated by the
availability of natural resources.
2) As industrialization spread it caused food supplies to increase and populations to grow; it
allowed workers to seek new industrial jobs in the cities and changed class structures.
3) Investors in industry sought out more raw materials and new markets, a factor that
contributed to the rise of colonialism and imperialism.
Economic Sectors and Patterns
1) Explain the spatial patterns of industrial production and development. - ANS ✔✔1) The
different economic sectors—including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary—
are characterized by distinct development patterns.
Primary: The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth
Secondary: The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of
manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector.
Tertiary: The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry
Quaternary: the quaternary sector, consists of intellectual activities often associated with
technological innovation
Quinary: includes the highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy. This sector
includes top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities,
nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media.
, 2) Labor, transportation (including shipping containers), the break-of-bulk point, least cost
theory, markets, and resources influence the location of manufacturing such as core,
semiperiphery, and periphery locations.
Break-of-bulk point: a place where cargo is shifted from one form of transport to another. (sea
port or airport)
Measures of Development
1) Describe social and economic measures of development. - ANS ✔✔1) Measures of social and
economic development include Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Gross National Product (GNP);
and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita; sectoral structure of an economy, both formal and
informal; income distribution; fertility rates; infant mortality rates; access to health care; use of
fossil fuels and renewable energy; and literacy rates.
GDP: measures the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, by citizens
and non-citizens alike.
GNP: measures the value of goods and services produced by only a country's citizens but both
domestically and abroad.
2) Measures of gender inequality, such as the Gender Inequality Index (GII), include
reproductive health, indices of empowerment, and labor-market participation.
3) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure used to show spatial variation
among states in levels of development.
Women and Economic Development
1) Explain how and to what extent changes in economic development have contributed to
gender parity. - ANS ✔✔1) The roles of women change as countries develop economically
2) Although there are more women in the workforce, they do not have equity in wages or
employment opportunities.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
The Industrial Revolution
1) Explain how the Industrial Revolution facilitated the growth and diffusion of industrialization.
- ANS ✔✔1) Industrialization began as a result of new technologies and was facilitated by the
availability of natural resources.
2) As industrialization spread it caused food supplies to increase and populations to grow; it
allowed workers to seek new industrial jobs in the cities and changed class structures.
3) Investors in industry sought out more raw materials and new markets, a factor that
contributed to the rise of colonialism and imperialism.
Economic Sectors and Patterns
1) Explain the spatial patterns of industrial production and development. - ANS ✔✔1) The
different economic sectors—including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary—
are characterized by distinct development patterns.
Primary: The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth
Secondary: The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of
manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector.
Tertiary: The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry
Quaternary: the quaternary sector, consists of intellectual activities often associated with
technological innovation
Quinary: includes the highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy. This sector
includes top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities,
nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media.
, 2) Labor, transportation (including shipping containers), the break-of-bulk point, least cost
theory, markets, and resources influence the location of manufacturing such as core,
semiperiphery, and periphery locations.
Break-of-bulk point: a place where cargo is shifted from one form of transport to another. (sea
port or airport)
Measures of Development
1) Describe social and economic measures of development. - ANS ✔✔1) Measures of social and
economic development include Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Gross National Product (GNP);
and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita; sectoral structure of an economy, both formal and
informal; income distribution; fertility rates; infant mortality rates; access to health care; use of
fossil fuels and renewable energy; and literacy rates.
GDP: measures the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, by citizens
and non-citizens alike.
GNP: measures the value of goods and services produced by only a country's citizens but both
domestically and abroad.
2) Measures of gender inequality, such as the Gender Inequality Index (GII), include
reproductive health, indices of empowerment, and labor-market participation.
3) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure used to show spatial variation
among states in levels of development.
Women and Economic Development
1) Explain how and to what extent changes in economic development have contributed to
gender parity. - ANS ✔✔1) The roles of women change as countries develop economically
2) Although there are more women in the workforce, they do not have equity in wages or
employment opportunities.
