NRSG 446 (peds) - Exam 2 | STUDY GUIDE | 2025/2026
Terms in this set (124)
diaphysis long part of bone
metaphysis growth plate (physis)
epiphysis proximal and distal end of bone
- if the story does not fit, speak up
- undress the child, assessing for other cutaneous findings
musculoskeletal non-accidental
- ANY bruise on non-ambulatory child requires more investigation
trauma (NAT)
- any long bone fracture in a non-mobile child or proportionally
"mild" mechanism of injury story needs full workup (under 3)
- partial or complete
1. body recognizes injury, inflammation, and bleeding at fracture site
fractures 2. hematoma around fracture site to try to stabilize the bone
3. osteoblasts scaffold new bone to create callus
4. remodeling process (up to 1 year)
- what bone is involved and what part of the bone affected
describing fracture by location
- some cases use the anatomical name for part of bone
anything that puts a lot of twisting stress or force on a long bone
that can cause a spiral fracture
- activities that can cause this: skiing, snowboarding, football,
spiral fracture
soccer, wrestling, accidents, falling and catching oneself
- think about abuse (twisted arm or jerking)
- proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963
- classification used today for
Salter-Harris system describing physeal fractures
- type 2 most common
- type 5 least common
- consider bone growth plate
- bone healing/callus formation: rapid in growing children due to
fractures in children thick periosteum and generous blood supply
- remodeling irregularities are smoothed out over time
, - regain alignment of bony fragments
- retain alignment and length
fracture: goals of NRSG
- restore function and ROM
management
- prevent further injury or deformity
- provide rest for extremity
- prevent or improve contracture deformity
- correct deformity
- treat dislocation
why traction control
- allow position and alignment
- provide immobilization
- reduce muscle spasms
- keep in alignment
- keep weights off of floor (or other surfaces)
- keep pin sites clean
traction: NRSG
- monitor for infection
- circulation, motor, and sensory (CMS) checks
- meet child's developmental needs while keeping them safe
- inflammatory process within fascia
- painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from
internal bleeding or swelling of tissues
- pressure decreases blood flow, depriving muscles and
nerves of needed nourishment
5 Ps and other red flags:
compartment syndrome
- pain unrelieved by meds 1 hr after admin; pulselessness,
pallor, paralysis, paresthesia
- increasing edema
- decreased mobility of distal body parts
- decreased peripheral pulses
- prior to casting to prevent compartment syndrome
soft splints - allows for more swelling and inflammation
- still need to monitor CMS
- risk of infection
- impaired mobility
spica cast: NRSG
- pain
- impaired circulation
, - CMS, pain management, supportive cares
- family and pt education (cast care, concerning s/sx, keep clean and dry)
cast care: NRSG
- help families adapt to immobilization through thorough family
centered assessment and eval
- unusual in young kids
- common in adolescents when growth plate closes and bone
soft tissue injuries becomes more solid NRSG:
- RICE
- education
Terms in this set (124)
diaphysis long part of bone
metaphysis growth plate (physis)
epiphysis proximal and distal end of bone
- if the story does not fit, speak up
- undress the child, assessing for other cutaneous findings
musculoskeletal non-accidental
- ANY bruise on non-ambulatory child requires more investigation
trauma (NAT)
- any long bone fracture in a non-mobile child or proportionally
"mild" mechanism of injury story needs full workup (under 3)
- partial or complete
1. body recognizes injury, inflammation, and bleeding at fracture site
fractures 2. hematoma around fracture site to try to stabilize the bone
3. osteoblasts scaffold new bone to create callus
4. remodeling process (up to 1 year)
- what bone is involved and what part of the bone affected
describing fracture by location
- some cases use the anatomical name for part of bone
anything that puts a lot of twisting stress or force on a long bone
that can cause a spiral fracture
- activities that can cause this: skiing, snowboarding, football,
spiral fracture
soccer, wrestling, accidents, falling and catching oneself
- think about abuse (twisted arm or jerking)
- proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963
- classification used today for
Salter-Harris system describing physeal fractures
- type 2 most common
- type 5 least common
- consider bone growth plate
- bone healing/callus formation: rapid in growing children due to
fractures in children thick periosteum and generous blood supply
- remodeling irregularities are smoothed out over time
, - regain alignment of bony fragments
- retain alignment and length
fracture: goals of NRSG
- restore function and ROM
management
- prevent further injury or deformity
- provide rest for extremity
- prevent or improve contracture deformity
- correct deformity
- treat dislocation
why traction control
- allow position and alignment
- provide immobilization
- reduce muscle spasms
- keep in alignment
- keep weights off of floor (or other surfaces)
- keep pin sites clean
traction: NRSG
- monitor for infection
- circulation, motor, and sensory (CMS) checks
- meet child's developmental needs while keeping them safe
- inflammatory process within fascia
- painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from
internal bleeding or swelling of tissues
- pressure decreases blood flow, depriving muscles and
nerves of needed nourishment
5 Ps and other red flags:
compartment syndrome
- pain unrelieved by meds 1 hr after admin; pulselessness,
pallor, paralysis, paresthesia
- increasing edema
- decreased mobility of distal body parts
- decreased peripheral pulses
- prior to casting to prevent compartment syndrome
soft splints - allows for more swelling and inflammation
- still need to monitor CMS
- risk of infection
- impaired mobility
spica cast: NRSG
- pain
- impaired circulation
, - CMS, pain management, supportive cares
- family and pt education (cast care, concerning s/sx, keep clean and dry)
cast care: NRSG
- help families adapt to immobilization through thorough family
centered assessment and eval
- unusual in young kids
- common in adolescents when growth plate closes and bone
soft tissue injuries becomes more solid NRSG:
- RICE
- education
