Maryville University NURS615 Pharmacology Exam 4 | questions and answers |
2025/2026
Questions in this set (245)
What are examples of inhaled Short- Albuterol and levabuterol
acting Beta Agonists? (SABAs)
To relax airway smooth muscle by increasing cyclic cAMP; dilation
What is the MOA of inhaled beta
and opening of airway
agonists?
What is the use of inhaled beta Used in bronchospasm associated with: asthma, bronchitis, and COPD
agonists?
When are SABAs used (albuterol For relief of ACUTE asthma attacks
and levabuterol)?
Is albuterol approved in children Yes.
under 4?
They open large conductions in calcium activated potassium
channels = hyperpolarized airway smooth muscle cells
How do beta-2 agonists affect 1. decreased intracellular calcium
calcium? 2. increased potassium concentration
3. decreased myocleynase activity = smooth muscle relaxation and
bronchodilation
What are examples of long-acting salmetrol and formoterol
beta agonists (LABAs)?
Used for PREVENTION or long term treatment of
asthma NOT for acute attacks; not first line
What are LABAs (salmeterol treatment
and formoterol) used for? CANNOT be used alone
What population should African Americans
LABAs NOT be prescribed in?
What is special about the beta 2 This gene causes LABAs to worsen asthma control
adrenergic receptor gene?
, Who is more likely to have the beta African Americans; this genotype is present in 1/6th of the U.S. population
2 adrenergic receptor gene?
How does the beta 2 adrenergic Asthmatics with this gene are at risk for decreased airflow and
receptor gene cause worsening worsening asthma control
asthma control when LABAs
are taken?
What are adverse effects of inhaled Tachycardia and tremors
beta agonists?
What is the absorption of inhaled Very little systemic absorption
beta agonists?
What are examples of ipatroprium (Atrovent) and tiotroprium (Spiriva)
anticholinergics/antimuscarinics in
maintenance therapy of COPD?
They block muscarinic receptors decreasing the formation of cAMP
What is the MOA of anticholinergics
CAUSES BRONCHODILATION BY:
(ipatroprium and tiotroprium)?
1. decreasing smooth muscle contraction of lungs (mainly on M3 receptors)
2. decreases mucous secretion
What are ipatroprium and Maintenance of COPD
tiotroprium used for?
LONG-ACTING bronchodilator for COPD; better absorbed from
What is tiotroprium (Spiriva)?
lung than ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What is ipotroprium (Atrovent)? SHORT-ACTING bronchodilator for COPD
What bronchodilator is the best Ipatroprium (Atrovent)
choice in patients taking
propranolol?
What are the adverse effects of Anticholinergic -- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit
ipatroprium and tiotroprium?
What are examples of inhaled fluticasone (Flonase), budesonide (Pulmicort), beclomethasone
corticosteroids? diproprionate (QVAR)
What are inhaled corticosteroids Long-term treatment of asthma (severe, persistent asthma); taken everyday
used for?
What is the absorption of inhaled Rapid absorption from lung tissues; greater with use of spacer
corticosteroids?
Anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effects
What effects do inhaled
corticosteroids have? Highly selective agonists at the glucocorticoid receptor and some
activity at androgen, estrogen, and corticoid receptors
2025/2026
Questions in this set (245)
What are examples of inhaled Short- Albuterol and levabuterol
acting Beta Agonists? (SABAs)
To relax airway smooth muscle by increasing cyclic cAMP; dilation
What is the MOA of inhaled beta
and opening of airway
agonists?
What is the use of inhaled beta Used in bronchospasm associated with: asthma, bronchitis, and COPD
agonists?
When are SABAs used (albuterol For relief of ACUTE asthma attacks
and levabuterol)?
Is albuterol approved in children Yes.
under 4?
They open large conductions in calcium activated potassium
channels = hyperpolarized airway smooth muscle cells
How do beta-2 agonists affect 1. decreased intracellular calcium
calcium? 2. increased potassium concentration
3. decreased myocleynase activity = smooth muscle relaxation and
bronchodilation
What are examples of long-acting salmetrol and formoterol
beta agonists (LABAs)?
Used for PREVENTION or long term treatment of
asthma NOT for acute attacks; not first line
What are LABAs (salmeterol treatment
and formoterol) used for? CANNOT be used alone
What population should African Americans
LABAs NOT be prescribed in?
What is special about the beta 2 This gene causes LABAs to worsen asthma control
adrenergic receptor gene?
, Who is more likely to have the beta African Americans; this genotype is present in 1/6th of the U.S. population
2 adrenergic receptor gene?
How does the beta 2 adrenergic Asthmatics with this gene are at risk for decreased airflow and
receptor gene cause worsening worsening asthma control
asthma control when LABAs
are taken?
What are adverse effects of inhaled Tachycardia and tremors
beta agonists?
What is the absorption of inhaled Very little systemic absorption
beta agonists?
What are examples of ipatroprium (Atrovent) and tiotroprium (Spiriva)
anticholinergics/antimuscarinics in
maintenance therapy of COPD?
They block muscarinic receptors decreasing the formation of cAMP
What is the MOA of anticholinergics
CAUSES BRONCHODILATION BY:
(ipatroprium and tiotroprium)?
1. decreasing smooth muscle contraction of lungs (mainly on M3 receptors)
2. decreases mucous secretion
What are ipatroprium and Maintenance of COPD
tiotroprium used for?
LONG-ACTING bronchodilator for COPD; better absorbed from
What is tiotroprium (Spiriva)?
lung than ipatroprium (Atrovent)
What is ipotroprium (Atrovent)? SHORT-ACTING bronchodilator for COPD
What bronchodilator is the best Ipatroprium (Atrovent)
choice in patients taking
propranolol?
What are the adverse effects of Anticholinergic -- can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit
ipatroprium and tiotroprium?
What are examples of inhaled fluticasone (Flonase), budesonide (Pulmicort), beclomethasone
corticosteroids? diproprionate (QVAR)
What are inhaled corticosteroids Long-term treatment of asthma (severe, persistent asthma); taken everyday
used for?
What is the absorption of inhaled Rapid absorption from lung tissues; greater with use of spacer
corticosteroids?
Anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effects
What effects do inhaled
corticosteroids have? Highly selective agonists at the glucocorticoid receptor and some
activity at androgen, estrogen, and corticoid receptors
