HNF 471 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Lab value for sodium - ANS 135-145
Lab value for potassium - ANS 3.5-5.1
Lab value for glucose - ANS 70-99
Lab value for BUN - ANS 6-20
Lab value for creatine - ANS 0.5-1
Albumin - ANS NOT a measure of nutritional status
-only a biomarker for inflammation
-always will be low post-op
GI tract roles - ANS -motility
-secretion
-digestion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-absorption
Oral cavity inflammatory conditions - ANS -gingiva
-somatitis/cheliosis
-glossitits
Oral cavity conditions result in altered salivary gland function - ANS -xerostomia
-sjorgrens syndrome
Common oral cavity diagnoses - ANS -inadequate oral food/beverage intake
-inadequate fluid intake
-biting/chewing difficulty
-involuntary weight loss
Nutrition interventions for taste changes - ANS -individuals will vary
-room temperature foods
-consider adding spices to help enhance taste and aroma
A disorder of the esophagus - ANS GERD
Disorder of GERD - ANS -chew, swallow --> esophagus
-the lower LES opens to allow food to tenter the stomach and then quickly closes to prevent the
corrosive stomach acid from damaging the lining
-LES when weakened results in GERD
-called heart-burn or indigestion
Lowered LES pressure can result from - ANS -Hiatal hernia
-pregnancy
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -recurrent vomiting
-gastroparesis
-COPD
Management of GERD - ANS -proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Mechanism of action of PPIs - ANS blocks the H/K ATPase system (gastric proton pump)
which generate gastric in the stomach
Common PPIs - ANS -omeprazole
-lansoprazole
-esomeprazole
-pantoprazole
-raberprazole
Effect of drug nutrient reactions - ANS -long term PPI use can lead to achlorhydria-->
decreased B12 and calcium absorption --> megaloblastic anemia as well as osteoporosis
What do anti-acids contain - ANS -magnesium: diarrhea
-calcium: constipation
-aluminum: constipation
Diagnoses of GERD - ANS -overweight or obesity
-impaired nutrient utilization
-altered GI function
-inadequate or excessive vitamin or mineral intake
MNT for GERD - ANS -Avoid acidic, spicy, fatty foods, alcohol coffee
-smaller meals
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Lab value for sodium - ANS 135-145
Lab value for potassium - ANS 3.5-5.1
Lab value for glucose - ANS 70-99
Lab value for BUN - ANS 6-20
Lab value for creatine - ANS 0.5-1
Albumin - ANS NOT a measure of nutritional status
-only a biomarker for inflammation
-always will be low post-op
GI tract roles - ANS -motility
-secretion
-digestion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-absorption
Oral cavity inflammatory conditions - ANS -gingiva
-somatitis/cheliosis
-glossitits
Oral cavity conditions result in altered salivary gland function - ANS -xerostomia
-sjorgrens syndrome
Common oral cavity diagnoses - ANS -inadequate oral food/beverage intake
-inadequate fluid intake
-biting/chewing difficulty
-involuntary weight loss
Nutrition interventions for taste changes - ANS -individuals will vary
-room temperature foods
-consider adding spices to help enhance taste and aroma
A disorder of the esophagus - ANS GERD
Disorder of GERD - ANS -chew, swallow --> esophagus
-the lower LES opens to allow food to tenter the stomach and then quickly closes to prevent the
corrosive stomach acid from damaging the lining
-LES when weakened results in GERD
-called heart-burn or indigestion
Lowered LES pressure can result from - ANS -Hiatal hernia
-pregnancy
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -recurrent vomiting
-gastroparesis
-COPD
Management of GERD - ANS -proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Mechanism of action of PPIs - ANS blocks the H/K ATPase system (gastric proton pump)
which generate gastric in the stomach
Common PPIs - ANS -omeprazole
-lansoprazole
-esomeprazole
-pantoprazole
-raberprazole
Effect of drug nutrient reactions - ANS -long term PPI use can lead to achlorhydria-->
decreased B12 and calcium absorption --> megaloblastic anemia as well as osteoporosis
What do anti-acids contain - ANS -magnesium: diarrhea
-calcium: constipation
-aluminum: constipation
Diagnoses of GERD - ANS -overweight or obesity
-impaired nutrient utilization
-altered GI function
-inadequate or excessive vitamin or mineral intake
MNT for GERD - ANS -Avoid acidic, spicy, fatty foods, alcohol coffee
-smaller meals
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
