LCP4801 INTERNATIONAL LAW COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. What is international law? International law is the body of legal rules,
norms, and standards that apply between sovereign states and other entities that
are legally recognized as international actors, governing their relations and
interactions.
2. What are the main sources of international law? According to Article
38(1) of the ICJ Statute: international treaties, international custom, general
principles of law, judicial decisions, and teachings of highly qualified publicists
(subsidiary sources).
3. What is the difference between public and private international law?
Public international law governs relations between states and international
organizations, while private international law (conflict of laws) deals with
disputes between private parties involving foreign elements.
4. What is a treaty? A treaty is an international agreement concluded between
states or international organizations in written form and governed by
international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more
related instruments.
5. What is customary international law? Customary international law consists
of rules derived from the consistent practice of states followed out of a sense of
legal obligation (opinio juris).
6. What are the two elements required to establish customary international
law? State practice (usus) and opinio juris (the belief that such practice is
legally required).
7. What are general principles of law? General principles of law are
fundamental legal principles common to major legal systems worldwide, such
as good faith, res judicata, and the principle that no one can be a judge in their
own case.
8. Are UN General Assembly resolutions binding? Generally no, UN General
Assembly resolutions are recommendations and not legally binding, though they
may reflect or contribute to the formation of customary international law.
,9. What is jus cogens? Jus cogens (peremptory norms) are fundamental
principles of international law accepted by the international community as
norms from which no derogation is permitted.
10. Give examples of jus cogens norms. Prohibition of genocide, slavery,
torture, piracy, crimes against humanity, and wars of aggression.
11. What is the relationship between international law and municipal law?
Two main theories exist: dualism (international and domestic law are separate
systems) and monism (international law and domestic law form a single legal
system).
12. What is the doctrine of incorporation? The doctrine whereby customary
international law is automatically part of domestic law without requiring
legislative action.
13. What is the doctrine of transformation? The doctrine requiring
international law to be transformed into domestic law through legislative action
before it can be applied domestically.
14. What is soft law? Soft law refers to non-binding instruments, principles,
and declarations that have political or moral force but lack legal enforceability.
15. What is the pacta sunt servanda principle? The fundamental principle
that agreements must be kept; treaties are binding upon the parties and must be
performed in good faith.
16. What is rebus sic stantibus? The doctrine allowing termination or
withdrawal from a treaty due to a fundamental change of circumstances.
17. What is the role of the International Court of Justice? The ICJ is the
principal judicial organ of the UN, settling legal disputes between states and
giving advisory opinions on legal questions.
18. Who can be parties before the ICJ? Only states can be parties in
contentious cases before the ICJ; international organizations and individuals
cannot.
19. What is the difference between contentious and advisory jurisdiction of
the ICJ? Contentious jurisdiction involves disputes between states resulting in
binding judgments; advisory jurisdiction involves legal opinions on questions
referred by authorized UN organs or agencies.
20. What is compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ? Jurisdiction that states have
accepted in advance through declarations under Article 36(2) of the ICJ Statute
(the optional clause).
, 21. What are reservations to ICJ jurisdiction? Limitations or conditions
states attach to their acceptance of the court's compulsory jurisdiction.
22. What is forum prorogatum? The concept whereby the ICJ may acquire
jurisdiction through the subsequent consent of parties who did not initially
confer jurisdiction.
23. What are erga omnes obligations? Obligations owed to the international
community as a whole, in which all states have a legal interest in their
protection.
24. What is the difference between obligations erga omnes and jus cogens?
Jus cogens refers to the hierarchical status of norms, while erga omnes refers to
whom the obligation is owed.
25. What is the Lotus principle? The principle that restrictions on state
sovereignty cannot be presumed; states are free to act unless there is a specific
prohibition in international law.
26. What is the role of equity in international law? Equity serves as a
principle for achieving fair results, either as part of law (intra legem), filling
gaps (praeter legem), or overriding law (contra legem) when authorized.
27. What are persistent objectors? States that consistently object to an
emerging customary rule during its formation may not be bound by that rule.
28. Can treaties create customary international law? Yes, treaty provisions
can crystallize, generate, or declare customary international law if accompanied
by widespread state practice and opinio juris.
29. What is the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)? The
primary treaty codifying international law regarding treaties between states,
often called the "treaty on treaties."
30. When did the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties enter into
force? January 27, 1980.
31. What is a multilateral treaty? A treaty between three or more states or
international organizations.
32. What is a bilateral treaty? A treaty between two states or international
organizations.
33. What is ratification? The international act whereby a state establishes its
consent to be bound by a treaty on the international plane.
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS (PASS GUARANTEE)
1. What is international law? International law is the body of legal rules,
norms, and standards that apply between sovereign states and other entities that
are legally recognized as international actors, governing their relations and
interactions.
2. What are the main sources of international law? According to Article
38(1) of the ICJ Statute: international treaties, international custom, general
principles of law, judicial decisions, and teachings of highly qualified publicists
(subsidiary sources).
3. What is the difference between public and private international law?
Public international law governs relations between states and international
organizations, while private international law (conflict of laws) deals with
disputes between private parties involving foreign elements.
4. What is a treaty? A treaty is an international agreement concluded between
states or international organizations in written form and governed by
international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more
related instruments.
5. What is customary international law? Customary international law consists
of rules derived from the consistent practice of states followed out of a sense of
legal obligation (opinio juris).
6. What are the two elements required to establish customary international
law? State practice (usus) and opinio juris (the belief that such practice is
legally required).
7. What are general principles of law? General principles of law are
fundamental legal principles common to major legal systems worldwide, such
as good faith, res judicata, and the principle that no one can be a judge in their
own case.
8. Are UN General Assembly resolutions binding? Generally no, UN General
Assembly resolutions are recommendations and not legally binding, though they
may reflect or contribute to the formation of customary international law.
,9. What is jus cogens? Jus cogens (peremptory norms) are fundamental
principles of international law accepted by the international community as
norms from which no derogation is permitted.
10. Give examples of jus cogens norms. Prohibition of genocide, slavery,
torture, piracy, crimes against humanity, and wars of aggression.
11. What is the relationship between international law and municipal law?
Two main theories exist: dualism (international and domestic law are separate
systems) and monism (international law and domestic law form a single legal
system).
12. What is the doctrine of incorporation? The doctrine whereby customary
international law is automatically part of domestic law without requiring
legislative action.
13. What is the doctrine of transformation? The doctrine requiring
international law to be transformed into domestic law through legislative action
before it can be applied domestically.
14. What is soft law? Soft law refers to non-binding instruments, principles,
and declarations that have political or moral force but lack legal enforceability.
15. What is the pacta sunt servanda principle? The fundamental principle
that agreements must be kept; treaties are binding upon the parties and must be
performed in good faith.
16. What is rebus sic stantibus? The doctrine allowing termination or
withdrawal from a treaty due to a fundamental change of circumstances.
17. What is the role of the International Court of Justice? The ICJ is the
principal judicial organ of the UN, settling legal disputes between states and
giving advisory opinions on legal questions.
18. Who can be parties before the ICJ? Only states can be parties in
contentious cases before the ICJ; international organizations and individuals
cannot.
19. What is the difference between contentious and advisory jurisdiction of
the ICJ? Contentious jurisdiction involves disputes between states resulting in
binding judgments; advisory jurisdiction involves legal opinions on questions
referred by authorized UN organs or agencies.
20. What is compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ? Jurisdiction that states have
accepted in advance through declarations under Article 36(2) of the ICJ Statute
(the optional clause).
, 21. What are reservations to ICJ jurisdiction? Limitations or conditions
states attach to their acceptance of the court's compulsory jurisdiction.
22. What is forum prorogatum? The concept whereby the ICJ may acquire
jurisdiction through the subsequent consent of parties who did not initially
confer jurisdiction.
23. What are erga omnes obligations? Obligations owed to the international
community as a whole, in which all states have a legal interest in their
protection.
24. What is the difference between obligations erga omnes and jus cogens?
Jus cogens refers to the hierarchical status of norms, while erga omnes refers to
whom the obligation is owed.
25. What is the Lotus principle? The principle that restrictions on state
sovereignty cannot be presumed; states are free to act unless there is a specific
prohibition in international law.
26. What is the role of equity in international law? Equity serves as a
principle for achieving fair results, either as part of law (intra legem), filling
gaps (praeter legem), or overriding law (contra legem) when authorized.
27. What are persistent objectors? States that consistently object to an
emerging customary rule during its formation may not be bound by that rule.
28. Can treaties create customary international law? Yes, treaty provisions
can crystallize, generate, or declare customary international law if accompanied
by widespread state practice and opinio juris.
29. What is the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)? The
primary treaty codifying international law regarding treaties between states,
often called the "treaty on treaties."
30. When did the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties enter into
force? January 27, 1980.
31. What is a multilateral treaty? A treaty between three or more states or
international organizations.
32. What is a bilateral treaty? A treaty between two states or international
organizations.
33. What is ratification? The international act whereby a state establishes its
consent to be bound by a treaty on the international plane.
