NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2025
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) -
Answer-can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to
see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell -
Answer-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation
initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine -
Answer-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury-
causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines -
Answer-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting
other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
Leukotrines -
Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation,
attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins -
Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors -
Answer-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils -
,Answer-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
, Monocytes -
Answer-Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4
cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function -
Answer-Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function -
Answer-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function -
Answer-Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting,
induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function -
Answer-Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement -
Answer-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast
cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin -
Answer-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade -
Answer-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro
organisms.
COX1 -
Answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation,
fluid/electrolyte balance
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) -
Answer-can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to
see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell -
Answer-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation
initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine -
Answer-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury-
causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines -
Answer-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting
other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
Leukotrines -
Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation,
attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins -
Answer-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors -
Answer-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils -
,Answer-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
, Monocytes -
Answer-Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4
cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function -
Answer-Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function -
Answer-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function -
Answer-Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting,
induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function -
Answer-Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement -
Answer-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast
cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin -
Answer-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade -
Answer-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro
organisms.
COX1 -
Answer-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation,
fluid/electrolyte balance
