CERTIFIED LACTATION COUNSELOR (CLC) — EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (GRADED A)
Predominant Breastfeeding -
Answer-Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g. water, minerals, vitamins,
oral meds).
Breastfeeding -
Answer-Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including formula.
Complementary Feeding -
Answer-Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is no longer sufficient to
meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids are introduced.
Typically child is between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration -
Answer-Promotion, Protection, Support
Promotion -
Answer-Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or global
level. BF to the community.
Protection -
Answer-Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to assure BF
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes -
Answer-Addresses improper marketing practices by formula companies. It is not
currently a law in the US.
What does the International Code Prohibit? -
Answer-Distributing free formula Giving coupons for formula
What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code? -
Answer-No distributing formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
Support -
Answer-Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program development
and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF -
Answer-1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
,6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support groups
,Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what? -
Answer-1. Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk? -
Answer-1. Medical condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs -
Answer-Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces.
PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP? -
Answer-Hydration (elimination patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
What is a CLC? -
Answer-Nationallyrecognized designation awarded by the ALPP. Practice parameters
are designated by professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have? -
Answer-4, some yellow by day 4.
When should a baby be back to birth weight? -
Answer-12-14 days post birth
How much weight should a baby gain daily? -
Answer-Approximately 1 ounce
Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need? -
Answer-1. Lack of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
Alveoli -
Answer-Small glands in the breast that produce milk
At-Breast Supplementer -
Answer-a device that allows a supplement to be given while a baby is actively nursing at
the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
Atopy -
Answer-hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
, What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative -
Answer-Initiative by UNICEF and WHO (1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and
maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online:
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
ANSWERS (GRADED A)
Predominant Breastfeeding -
Answer-Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g. water, minerals, vitamins,
oral meds).
Breastfeeding -
Answer-Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including formula.
Complementary Feeding -
Answer-Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is no longer sufficient to
meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids are introduced.
Typically child is between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration -
Answer-Promotion, Protection, Support
Promotion -
Answer-Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or global
level. BF to the community.
Protection -
Answer-Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to assure BF
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes -
Answer-Addresses improper marketing practices by formula companies. It is not
currently a law in the US.
What does the International Code Prohibit? -
Answer-Distributing free formula Giving coupons for formula
What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code? -
Answer-No distributing formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
Support -
Answer-Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program development
and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF -
Answer-1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
,6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support groups
,Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what? -
Answer-1. Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk? -
Answer-1. Medical condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs -
Answer-Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces.
PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP? -
Answer-Hydration (elimination patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
What is a CLC? -
Answer-Nationallyrecognized designation awarded by the ALPP. Practice parameters
are designated by professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have? -
Answer-4, some yellow by day 4.
When should a baby be back to birth weight? -
Answer-12-14 days post birth
How much weight should a baby gain daily? -
Answer-Approximately 1 ounce
Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need? -
Answer-1. Lack of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
Alveoli -
Answer-Small glands in the breast that produce milk
At-Breast Supplementer -
Answer-a device that allows a supplement to be given while a baby is actively nursing at
the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
Atopy -
Answer-hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
, What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative -
Answer-Initiative by UNICEF and WHO (1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and
maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online:
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
