COMSAE level 2 111| Actual Exam Ques ons and
answers With Updated solu ons New!! 2025/2026
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a par cular me
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ra o vs rela ve risk
odds ra o: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ra o is not a frac on! so the bo"om number is not the total its the unaffected
rela ve risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine who got the disease
prob ge%ng dz exposed/prob ge%ng dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ra o used
case-control studies
When is a rela ve risk ra o used?
RCT or Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual characteris cs by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males
no tes cular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age 18
cons tu onal growth delay
MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains consistent. O6en
there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
, Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reac on
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Mul ple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone ly c lesions/back pain
concave bri"le nails
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy,
and loss of accommoda on suddenly a6er ea ng smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Ac ve Labor Act)
all incoming pa ents must receive a medical screening exam. ONLY a6er the screening has been
done can a transfer be done and only if the other facility is be"er equipped to meet their needs
muscles and their innerva on that cause foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus ter us
by the peroneal nerve L4-5
who's at risk for aspira on pneumonia
immune spuppressed: HIV, DM, alcoholism, malnutri on
impaired airway protec on: smoking, dysphagia, alcohol intoxica on
AMS
psoas syndrome findings
answers With Updated solu ons New!! 2025/2026
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a par cular me
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ra o vs rela ve risk
odds ra o: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ra o is not a frac on! so the bo"om number is not the total its the unaffected
rela ve risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine who got the disease
prob ge%ng dz exposed/prob ge%ng dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ra o used
case-control studies
When is a rela ve risk ra o used?
RCT or Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual characteris cs by age 13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males
no tes cular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age 18
cons tu onal growth delay
MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains consistent. O6en
there is family history
Will have delayed bone age
, Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reac on
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular epithelium
occurs in MM
Mul ple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
A: anemia
B: bone ly c lesions/back pain
concave bri"le nails
spoon nails caused by iron deficiency anemia
koilonychia
diplopia and muscle weakness, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysphagia. Ptosis, cranial nerve palsy,
and loss of accommoda on suddenly a6er ea ng smoked fish
Clostridium botulinum
EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Ac ve Labor Act)
all incoming pa ents must receive a medical screening exam. ONLY a6er the screening has been
done can a transfer be done and only if the other facility is be"er equipped to meet their needs
muscles and their innerva on that cause foot eversion
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus ter us
by the peroneal nerve L4-5
who's at risk for aspira on pneumonia
immune spuppressed: HIV, DM, alcoholism, malnutri on
impaired airway protec on: smoking, dysphagia, alcohol intoxica on
AMS
psoas syndrome findings
