BIL 150 FINAL|| 419 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Protein molecules are polymers of... - ANSWER-amino acid molecules
In a dehydration synthesis reaction, ... is always formed as a by-product of the reaction.
- ANSWER-water
Which is the terms for compounds that do not mix with water? - ANSWER-Hydrophobic
The components of nucleic acids are... - ANSWER-a nitrogenous base, a pentose
sugar, and a phosphate
At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in
butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls)
because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide __________. - ANSWER-chitin
When comparing saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats, the unsaturated
fats have __________ and are __________ at room temperature. - ANSWER-cis
double bonds; liquids
Nitrogenous bases are classified as either purines or pyrimidines. Examples of purines
are __________. - ANSWER-adenine and guanine
Sugars have a(n) __________ group that interacts with a _________ group that forms
ring structures when the dry molecule is placed in water. - ANSWER-carbonyl, hydroxyl
Sugars are molecules that have __________ C:H:O and are called __________. -
ANSWER-a 1:2:1 ratio of; carbohydrates
The peptide bond is __________. - ANSWER-a covalent bond joining amino acids
together to form a polypeptide
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to
manufacture __________. - ANSWER-DNA
Macromolecules, the molecules of life, include all of the following except __________. -
ANSWER-trace elements
The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into
polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond. - ANSWER-covalent
,The secondary structure of a peptide backbone is stabilized by __________ forming
either a(n) __________ or a(n) __________. - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds; α helix; β
pleated sheet
The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except
_________ bonds. - ANSWER-peptide
Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the
glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating
grass? - ANSWER-Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to
individual glucose units.
The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by __________. - ANSWER-
glycosidic linkages
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are __________.
- ANSWER-phospholipids
... have a specific form that allows them to bind to foreign materials in the body. -
ANSWER-Antibodies
... are proteins that act as biological catalysts. - ANSWER-enzymes
... usually function as structural proteins. - ANSWER-fibrous proteins
...bind signaling molecules such as endorphins that may change the behavior of a cell. -
ANSWER-receptor proteins
Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while
it is folding into its functional form? - ANSWER-Chaperonins
The molecule with four fused rings that is found in animal membranes and is the
precursor of vertebrate sex hormones is __________. - ANSWER-cholesterol
Which of the following is a polymer? - ANSWER-Cellulose, a plant cell wall component
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the __________ structure of the
protein. - ANSWER-primary
A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is
__________. - ANSWER-glycogen
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________ - ANSWER-to
synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
,Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in
animal cells are called __________. - ANSWER-plasmodesmata; gap junctions
Cells are small because __________. - ANSWER-of the geometric relationships
between surface and volume
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a - ANSWER-
population
All the organisms on your campus make up - ANSWER-a commmunity
Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for __________. - ANSWER-energy
storage and release
The proper three-dimensional shape and folding of a protein is assisted by _________.
- ANSWER-molecules called chaperonins
Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that is caused by __________ in the __________ of the
protein. - ANSWER-a single amino acid change; primary structure
The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of
molecules? - ANSWER-Lipids
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by
the cell? - ANSWER-Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the
following? - ANSWER-motor proteins
The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________. -
ANSWER-is the cytoskeleton
Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding
downward from an individual animal? - ANSWER-nervous system, brain, nervous
tissue, nerve cell
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of
natural selection is based? - ANSWER-Poorly adapted individuals never produce
offspring.
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to - ANSWER-understand the behavior of entire
biological systems.
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because - ANSWER-protists
have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
, Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? - ANSWER-
the structure and function of DNA
A controlled experiment is one that - ANSWER-tests experimental and control groups in
parallel.
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in
science? - ANSWER-Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have
broad explanatory power
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? - ANSWER-The fish swam in a
zigzag motion.
Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry? - ANSWER-If my
hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a
result, the blood glucose level declines. When the
blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood
glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood
glucose level is the result of - ANSWER-Negative feedback
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? - ANSWER-It requires genetic
variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive
success.
Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? - ANSWER-Without a
control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable
being tested.
What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common in
living matter? - ANSWER-both the relative abundances of the elements and the
emergent properties of the compounds made from these elements
The organic molecules in living organisms have a measurably lower ratio of
carbon-13/carbon-12, two stable isotopes of carbon
that comprise approximately 1.1% and 98.9% of atmospheric carbon, respectively.
What is a reasonable explanation for this
phenomenon? - ANSWER-Photosynthesis preferentially uses carbon dioxide molecules
with carbon-12, and the lower carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio propagates through the food
chain.
The illustration shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule -
ANSWER-will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Protein molecules are polymers of... - ANSWER-amino acid molecules
In a dehydration synthesis reaction, ... is always formed as a by-product of the reaction.
- ANSWER-water
Which is the terms for compounds that do not mix with water? - ANSWER-Hydrophobic
The components of nucleic acids are... - ANSWER-a nitrogenous base, a pentose
sugar, and a phosphate
At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in
butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls)
because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide __________. - ANSWER-chitin
When comparing saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats, the unsaturated
fats have __________ and are __________ at room temperature. - ANSWER-cis
double bonds; liquids
Nitrogenous bases are classified as either purines or pyrimidines. Examples of purines
are __________. - ANSWER-adenine and guanine
Sugars have a(n) __________ group that interacts with a _________ group that forms
ring structures when the dry molecule is placed in water. - ANSWER-carbonyl, hydroxyl
Sugars are molecules that have __________ C:H:O and are called __________. -
ANSWER-a 1:2:1 ratio of; carbohydrates
The peptide bond is __________. - ANSWER-a covalent bond joining amino acids
together to form a polypeptide
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to
manufacture __________. - ANSWER-DNA
Macromolecules, the molecules of life, include all of the following except __________. -
ANSWER-trace elements
The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into
polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond. - ANSWER-covalent
,The secondary structure of a peptide backbone is stabilized by __________ forming
either a(n) __________ or a(n) __________. - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds; α helix; β
pleated sheet
The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except
_________ bonds. - ANSWER-peptide
Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the
glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating
grass? - ANSWER-Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to
individual glucose units.
The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by __________. - ANSWER-
glycosidic linkages
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are __________.
- ANSWER-phospholipids
... have a specific form that allows them to bind to foreign materials in the body. -
ANSWER-Antibodies
... are proteins that act as biological catalysts. - ANSWER-enzymes
... usually function as structural proteins. - ANSWER-fibrous proteins
...bind signaling molecules such as endorphins that may change the behavior of a cell. -
ANSWER-receptor proteins
Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while
it is folding into its functional form? - ANSWER-Chaperonins
The molecule with four fused rings that is found in animal membranes and is the
precursor of vertebrate sex hormones is __________. - ANSWER-cholesterol
Which of the following is a polymer? - ANSWER-Cellulose, a plant cell wall component
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the __________ structure of the
protein. - ANSWER-primary
A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is
__________. - ANSWER-glycogen
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________ - ANSWER-to
synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
,Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in
animal cells are called __________. - ANSWER-plasmodesmata; gap junctions
Cells are small because __________. - ANSWER-of the geometric relationships
between surface and volume
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a - ANSWER-
population
All the organisms on your campus make up - ANSWER-a commmunity
Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for __________. - ANSWER-energy
storage and release
The proper three-dimensional shape and folding of a protein is assisted by _________.
- ANSWER-molecules called chaperonins
Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that is caused by __________ in the __________ of the
protein. - ANSWER-a single amino acid change; primary structure
The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of
molecules? - ANSWER-Lipids
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by
the cell? - ANSWER-Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the
following? - ANSWER-motor proteins
The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________. -
ANSWER-is the cytoskeleton
Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding
downward from an individual animal? - ANSWER-nervous system, brain, nervous
tissue, nerve cell
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of
natural selection is based? - ANSWER-Poorly adapted individuals never produce
offspring.
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to - ANSWER-understand the behavior of entire
biological systems.
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because - ANSWER-protists
have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
, Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? - ANSWER-
the structure and function of DNA
A controlled experiment is one that - ANSWER-tests experimental and control groups in
parallel.
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in
science? - ANSWER-Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have
broad explanatory power
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? - ANSWER-The fish swam in a
zigzag motion.
Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry? - ANSWER-If my
hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a
result, the blood glucose level declines. When the
blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood
glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood
glucose level is the result of - ANSWER-Negative feedback
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? - ANSWER-It requires genetic
variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive
success.
Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? - ANSWER-Without a
control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable
being tested.
What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common in
living matter? - ANSWER-both the relative abundances of the elements and the
emergent properties of the compounds made from these elements
The organic molecules in living organisms have a measurably lower ratio of
carbon-13/carbon-12, two stable isotopes of carbon
that comprise approximately 1.1% and 98.9% of atmospheric carbon, respectively.
What is a reasonable explanation for this
phenomenon? - ANSWER-Photosynthesis preferentially uses carbon dioxide molecules
with carbon-12, and the lower carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio propagates through the food
chain.
The illustration shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule -
ANSWER-will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
