BIL 150 GENETICS WANG ALL
LEARNING CATALYTICS FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
How do alleles fit into your definitions? Select three answers.
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
The set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism is called the phenotype.
population can contain many alleles for a gene, but an individual diploid organism has
only two alleles for a gene.
Different alleles may produce differences in the phenotype of an organism. - ANSWER-
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
population can contain many alleles for a gene, but an individual diploid organism has
only two alleles for a gene.
Different alleles may produce differences in the phenotype of an organism.
How is genetic information encoded in a DNA molecule?
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases and amino acids.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the amounts of different amino acids.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the amounts of different bases.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of amino acids. - ANSWER-
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases.
3. We all carry about 20,000 genes in our genome. So far, patents have been issued for
more than 6000 of these genes. All the following are the arguments for and against
human gene patenting by companies and individuals, except ___________.
Patents on genes and genetic tools can be potentially lucrative for consumers but not
for patent-holders.
,Patents can protect the investments of individuals and institutions that develop needed
and useful products.
Mechanisms need to be in place to protect consumers to ensure that relatively free and
fair access to genetic tools is available.
Preventing the holding of patents for genes or genetic tools could reduce the incentive
for pursuing the research that produces genes and genetics tools. - ANSWER-Patents
on genes and genetic tools can be potentially lucrative for consumers but not for patent-
holders.
4. If you were in a position to control the introduction of a GM primary food product (rice,
for example), what criteria would you establish before allowing such introduction? More
than one answer is correct.
likelihood of cross-pollination
ability to supply large quantities
external consistency
environmental impact
cost of production - ANSWER-likelihood of cross-pollination
environmental impact
How has the use of model organisms advanced our knowledge of the genes that control
human diseases? More than one answer is correct.
Most model organisms do not have mutated genes (no side effects).
Most model organisms have peculiarities (ease of growth, genetic understanding,
abundant offspring).
What is learned in one organism can always be applied to all organisms.
What is learned in one organism can usually be applied to all organisms.
What is learned in model organisms can always be applied to humans.
A chromatid contains 2 molecules of DNA, while a duplicated chromosome contains 4
A duplicated chromosome contains 1 molecule of DNA, while a chromatid contains 2
,Two sister chromatids contain one molecule of DNA shared between them, while two
chromosomes contain 2 - ANSWER-A duplicated chromosome contains 2 identical
molecules of DNA, while a chromatid contains only 1.
A certain female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19
chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her
resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following?
either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes
either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes
either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene
one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene -
ANSWER-one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one
long gene
The ant, Myrmecia pilosula, is found in Australia and is named bulldog because of its
aggressive behavior. It is particularly interesting because it carries all its genetic
information in a single pair of chromosomes. In other words, 2n = 2. (Males are haploid
and have just one chromosome.) Which of the following figures would most likely
represent a correct configuration of chromosomes in a metaphase cell of a female?
A
B
C
D
E - ANSWER-C
Most model organisms are more susceptible to disease (easier to understand causes). -
ANSWER-Most model organisms do not have mutated genes (no side effects).
What is learned in model organisms can always be applied to humans.
Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells
from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per
nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA?
G0
G1
S
G2
, M - ANSWER-G2
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude
which of the following?
It must be human
It must be a primate
It must be an animal
It must be sexually reproducing
Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes - ANSWER-Its gametes must have 23
chromosomes
When homologous chromosomes crossover, what occurs?
Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA.
Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA.
Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
Each of the four DNA strands of a tetrad is broken and the pieces are mixed.
Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. - ANSWER-
Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
After S phase in meiosis, a replicated chromosome differs from a chromatid in that:
____________.
A duplicated chromosome contains 2 identical molecules of DNA, while a chromatid
contains only 1.
For the purposes of this question, assume that a G1 somatic cell nucleus in a female
Myrmecia pilosula contains 2 picograms of DNA. How much DNA would be expected in
a metaphase I cell of a female?
16 pic
32 pic
8 pic
4 pic
LEARNING CATALYTICS FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
How do alleles fit into your definitions? Select three answers.
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
The set of alleles for a given trait carried by an organism is called the phenotype.
population can contain many alleles for a gene, but an individual diploid organism has
only two alleles for a gene.
Different alleles may produce differences in the phenotype of an organism. - ANSWER-
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene.
population can contain many alleles for a gene, but an individual diploid organism has
only two alleles for a gene.
Different alleles may produce differences in the phenotype of an organism.
How is genetic information encoded in a DNA molecule?
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases and amino acids.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the amounts of different amino acids.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the amounts of different bases.
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of amino acids. - ANSWER-
Genetic information is encoded in DNA by the sequence of bases.
3. We all carry about 20,000 genes in our genome. So far, patents have been issued for
more than 6000 of these genes. All the following are the arguments for and against
human gene patenting by companies and individuals, except ___________.
Patents on genes and genetic tools can be potentially lucrative for consumers but not
for patent-holders.
,Patents can protect the investments of individuals and institutions that develop needed
and useful products.
Mechanisms need to be in place to protect consumers to ensure that relatively free and
fair access to genetic tools is available.
Preventing the holding of patents for genes or genetic tools could reduce the incentive
for pursuing the research that produces genes and genetics tools. - ANSWER-Patents
on genes and genetic tools can be potentially lucrative for consumers but not for patent-
holders.
4. If you were in a position to control the introduction of a GM primary food product (rice,
for example), what criteria would you establish before allowing such introduction? More
than one answer is correct.
likelihood of cross-pollination
ability to supply large quantities
external consistency
environmental impact
cost of production - ANSWER-likelihood of cross-pollination
environmental impact
How has the use of model organisms advanced our knowledge of the genes that control
human diseases? More than one answer is correct.
Most model organisms do not have mutated genes (no side effects).
Most model organisms have peculiarities (ease of growth, genetic understanding,
abundant offspring).
What is learned in one organism can always be applied to all organisms.
What is learned in one organism can usually be applied to all organisms.
What is learned in model organisms can always be applied to humans.
A chromatid contains 2 molecules of DNA, while a duplicated chromosome contains 4
A duplicated chromosome contains 1 molecule of DNA, while a chromatid contains 2
,Two sister chromatids contain one molecule of DNA shared between them, while two
chromosomes contain 2 - ANSWER-A duplicated chromosome contains 2 identical
molecules of DNA, while a chromatid contains only 1.
A certain female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19
chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her
resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following?
either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes
either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes
either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene
one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene -
ANSWER-one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one
long gene
The ant, Myrmecia pilosula, is found in Australia and is named bulldog because of its
aggressive behavior. It is particularly interesting because it carries all its genetic
information in a single pair of chromosomes. In other words, 2n = 2. (Males are haploid
and have just one chromosome.) Which of the following figures would most likely
represent a correct configuration of chromosomes in a metaphase cell of a female?
A
B
C
D
E - ANSWER-C
Most model organisms are more susceptible to disease (easier to understand causes). -
ANSWER-Most model organisms do not have mutated genes (no side effects).
What is learned in model organisms can always be applied to humans.
Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells
from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per
nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA?
G0
G1
S
G2
, M - ANSWER-G2
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude
which of the following?
It must be human
It must be a primate
It must be an animal
It must be sexually reproducing
Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes - ANSWER-Its gametes must have 23
chromosomes
When homologous chromosomes crossover, what occurs?
Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA.
Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA.
Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
Each of the four DNA strands of a tetrad is broken and the pieces are mixed.
Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. - ANSWER-
Specific proteins break the two strands and re-join them with their homologs.
After S phase in meiosis, a replicated chromosome differs from a chromatid in that:
____________.
A duplicated chromosome contains 2 identical molecules of DNA, while a chromatid
contains only 1.
For the purposes of this question, assume that a G1 somatic cell nucleus in a female
Myrmecia pilosula contains 2 picograms of DNA. How much DNA would be expected in
a metaphase I cell of a female?
16 pic
32 pic
8 pic
4 pic
