BIOL 200 FINAL EXAM---terms
Negative feedback - answer a form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process of a process SLOWS the process
positive feedback - answera form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process
bacteria - answer domain with prokaryotes
archaea - answer prokaryotes including extremum thermophiles
eukarya - answer the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms (various groups of
protists and the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animal
inductive reasoning - answer use specific observations to make a general statement
(hypothesis)
(specific to general)
deductive reasoning - answeruse general statements (hypothesis) to reach a specific
conclusion
data - answerrecorded observations
theory - answeran explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates
new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
technology - answerconsists of any method or device that applies scientific knowledge
or some specific purpose that affects society.
hydrocarbon - answeran organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
isomer - answercompounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
and therefore different properties.
structural isomer - answercompounds with different covalent arrangements of atoms
cis-trans isomer - answerdifferent arrangement of atoms around double bond
geometric isomer
cis- two x's on same side
tran two x's on opposite sides
enantomer - answerisomers that are mirror images of each other
, functional group - answerchemical groups that are directly involved in chemical
reactions. has certain properties, such as shape and charge that causes it to participate
in chemical reactions in a characteristic way
ATP - answerAdenosine Triphosphate-- an adenine containing nucleoside triphosphate
that can react with H2O to make ADP and inorganic phosphate. This energy is used to
drive endergonic reactions in cell.
element - answerany substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by
chemical reactions
compound - answera substance consisting of two or more different elements combined
in a fixed ratio
atom - answerthe smallest unit of of an element
atomic number - answerthe number of protons in the nucleus determines this number
atomic mass - answersum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - answereach with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass
polar covalent bond - answerthe unequal sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - answerwhen atoms share a pair of electrons
ionic bond - answerattraction between to oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - answerattraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive
charge and an electronegative atom
monomer - answerthe subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
polymer - answera long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers liked
together by covalent bonds
dehydration reaction - answerwater molecules are released (monomers to polymers)
hydrolysis reaction - answera chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two
molecules by the addition of water; functions disassembly of polymers to monomers
monosaccharide - answerthe simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also called simple sugars
ex: glucose, fructose
Negative feedback - answer a form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process of a process SLOWS the process
positive feedback - answera form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process
bacteria - answer domain with prokaryotes
archaea - answer prokaryotes including extremum thermophiles
eukarya - answer the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms (various groups of
protists and the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animal
inductive reasoning - answer use specific observations to make a general statement
(hypothesis)
(specific to general)
deductive reasoning - answeruse general statements (hypothesis) to reach a specific
conclusion
data - answerrecorded observations
theory - answeran explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates
new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
technology - answerconsists of any method or device that applies scientific knowledge
or some specific purpose that affects society.
hydrocarbon - answeran organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
isomer - answercompounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
and therefore different properties.
structural isomer - answercompounds with different covalent arrangements of atoms
cis-trans isomer - answerdifferent arrangement of atoms around double bond
geometric isomer
cis- two x's on same side
tran two x's on opposite sides
enantomer - answerisomers that are mirror images of each other
, functional group - answerchemical groups that are directly involved in chemical
reactions. has certain properties, such as shape and charge that causes it to participate
in chemical reactions in a characteristic way
ATP - answerAdenosine Triphosphate-- an adenine containing nucleoside triphosphate
that can react with H2O to make ADP and inorganic phosphate. This energy is used to
drive endergonic reactions in cell.
element - answerany substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by
chemical reactions
compound - answera substance consisting of two or more different elements combined
in a fixed ratio
atom - answerthe smallest unit of of an element
atomic number - answerthe number of protons in the nucleus determines this number
atomic mass - answersum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - answereach with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass
polar covalent bond - answerthe unequal sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - answerwhen atoms share a pair of electrons
ionic bond - answerattraction between to oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - answerattraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive
charge and an electronegative atom
monomer - answerthe subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
polymer - answera long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers liked
together by covalent bonds
dehydration reaction - answerwater molecules are released (monomers to polymers)
hydrolysis reaction - answera chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two
molecules by the addition of water; functions disassembly of polymers to monomers
monosaccharide - answerthe simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also called simple sugars
ex: glucose, fructose
