UW Bio 200 Exam 1
5 core concepts - answer-information flow
-structure function
-energy transformation
-evolution
-systems
amino acid polarity - answer
electro negativities of organic atoms - answerC~H<N<O
How to tell if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic – answer Non-polar: hydrophobic
Polar: hydrophilic
Types of bonds and stored potential energy - answer High to low
Covalent bonds:
peptide
disulfide bridge:
Ionic Bonds:
Hydrophobic interactions:
Hydrophilic interactions:
H bonds
molecular genotype + phenotype - answergenotype: order of nucleotides
phenotypes: proteins produced and their traits
DNA - answerA complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
mRNA - answerA type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Gets copied and written 5'-3'
protein - answerMade from 3 nucleotides, from tRNA in the ribosome
allele - answerone of a number of different forms of a gene on the same place on the
chromosome
genome - answerAll the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
, metabolic pathway - answerBegins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a
series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
nucleotide - answerA building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
5' vs 3' - answer- 5' will have an OH or phosphate group bound to C-5' of the sugar
- 3' will have an OH bound to C-3' of the sugar
ribose vs. deoxyribose - answer-ribose: has an -OH group at C-2
-deoxyribose: has an -H group at C-2
phosphate group - answerA functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom
covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil - answerGCTAU, chemical bases of
nucleotides
GC bonds are stronger than AU bonds
ATP - answer(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of
their work
affinity - answerattraction between two biological molecules, to bind, modify, or destroy
template vs non-template strand - answertemplate strand: strand on DNA moving
towards 5' end from +1 spot
non-template strand: also known as coding strand, same base will be in the mRNA but
T will be represented as U
upstream/downstream - answerUpstream: towards 5' end
Downstream: towards 3' end
RNA Polymerase - answerenzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA
nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Sigma - answera protein that must bind to the polymerase before transcription can
begin
promoter - answerA specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase
and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
peptide bond - answerThe chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
ribosome - answersite of protein synthesis
5 core concepts - answer-information flow
-structure function
-energy transformation
-evolution
-systems
amino acid polarity - answer
electro negativities of organic atoms - answerC~H<N<O
How to tell if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic – answer Non-polar: hydrophobic
Polar: hydrophilic
Types of bonds and stored potential energy - answer High to low
Covalent bonds:
peptide
disulfide bridge:
Ionic Bonds:
Hydrophobic interactions:
Hydrophilic interactions:
H bonds
molecular genotype + phenotype - answergenotype: order of nucleotides
phenotypes: proteins produced and their traits
DNA - answerA complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
mRNA - answerA type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Gets copied and written 5'-3'
protein - answerMade from 3 nucleotides, from tRNA in the ribosome
allele - answerone of a number of different forms of a gene on the same place on the
chromosome
genome - answerAll the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
, metabolic pathway - answerBegins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a
series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
nucleotide - answerA building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
5' vs 3' - answer- 5' will have an OH or phosphate group bound to C-5' of the sugar
- 3' will have an OH bound to C-3' of the sugar
ribose vs. deoxyribose - answer-ribose: has an -OH group at C-2
-deoxyribose: has an -H group at C-2
phosphate group - answerA functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom
covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil - answerGCTAU, chemical bases of
nucleotides
GC bonds are stronger than AU bonds
ATP - answer(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of
their work
affinity - answerattraction between two biological molecules, to bind, modify, or destroy
template vs non-template strand - answertemplate strand: strand on DNA moving
towards 5' end from +1 spot
non-template strand: also known as coding strand, same base will be in the mRNA but
T will be represented as U
upstream/downstream - answerUpstream: towards 5' end
Downstream: towards 3' end
RNA Polymerase - answerenzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA
nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Sigma - answera protein that must bind to the polymerase before transcription can
begin
promoter - answerA specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase
and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
peptide bond - answerThe chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
ribosome - answersite of protein synthesis
