NR 511 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 511 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant) Correct Answer Cholecystitis, Biliary colic, Hepatitis, Pneumonia (right lower lobe) LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant) Correct Answer Splenic infarct/rupture, Gastritis, Pancreatitis RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant) Correct Answer Appendicitis, Ovarian torsion/cyst, Ectopic pregnancy, IBD (Crohn's) LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant) Correct Answer Diverticulitis, Constipation, Ovarian pathology Epigastric Correct Answer GERD, PUD, Pancreatitis, MI (rule out!) Suprapubic Correct Answer UTI, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Bladder distention Diffuse Pain Correct Answer Peritonitis, Gastroenteritis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Mesenteric ischemia CBC with diff Correct Answer Use when infection, bleeding, inflammation is suspected CMP/LFTs Correct Answer Use when hepatic or biliary symptoms are present Lipase/amylase Correct Answer Use when suspected pancreatitis Urinalysis Correct Answer Use to rule out UTI, hematuria (stone) Pregnancy test (hCG) Correct Answer Use for all women of childbearing age Stool studies Correct Answer Use for diarrhea, infectious symptoms Abdominal ultrasound Correct Answer Use for RUQ pain, suspected gallstones, AAA CT abdomen/pelvis w/ contrast Correct Answer Best initial test for appendicitis, diverticulitis, obstruction Endoscopy/colonoscopy Correct Answer Use for GI bleeding, chronic symptoms, cancer screening Murphy's sign Correct Answer Special maneuver for RUQ pain indicating cholecystitis McBurney's point Correct Answer Special maneuver indicating appendicitis CVA tenderness Correct Answer Indicates pyelonephritis Rosving's sign Correct Answer Indicates RLQ pain with LLQ pressure OLDCHART Correct Answer A mnemonic for assessing abdominal pain: Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Relieving factors, Radiation, Timing, Associated symptoms. Red Flags Correct Answer Signs indicating serious conditions: Involuntary guarding, rigidity, rebound tenderness, high fever, weight loss, GI bleeding, hypotension or tachycardia, altered mental status in elderly, severe pain out of proportion to exam. Bowel ischemia Correct Answer Severe pain out of proportion to physical exam is hallmark, may cause systemic signs like fever, tachycardia, hypotension. GI bleeding Correct Answer Can be from peptic ulcer disease, malignancy, diverticulosis, ischemic colitis; if associated with hypotension, can indicate hemorrhagic shock. Intra-abdominal abscess or perforation Correct Answer Causes fever, guarding, rebound tenderness, systemic toxicity. Malignancy Correct Answer Weight loss + GI bleeding + systemic symptoms can suggest cancer. Diarrhea Assessment Correct Answer Includes history of onset, duration, stool characteristics, frequency, associated symptoms, recent travel, medication history, and risk factors. Diarrhea Diagnosis Correct Answer Usually clinical in acute cases; stool studies if severe, persistent, or bloody. Difficile toxin assay Correct Answer Test for C. difficile if recent antibiotics were taken. Fecal leukocytes or lactoferrin Correct Answer Indicators of inflammatory diarrhea. CBC, electrolytes Correct Answer Tests to check for dehydration and anemia. Colonoscopy Correct Answer Recommended if chronic diarrhea or suspicious for IBD/malignancy. Acute, mild-moderate diarrhea management Correct Answer Includes supportive care like hydration with oral rehydration solution. Anti-motility agents Correct Answer Should be avoided if there is bloody diarrhea or suspected infection. Diet for diarrhea Correct Answer BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) or normal diet as tolerated. Infectious diarrhea treatment Correct Answer Antibiotics only if indicated, such as in traveler's diarrhea or C. difficile. Chronic diarrhea management Correct Answer Focus on treating underlying causes like IBD, malabsorption, or IBS. Antidiarrheals Correct Answer Loperamide should be used cautiously if no infection is present. Constipation assessment Correct Answer Includes history of duration, frequency of bowel movements (3/week), stool consistency, and associated symptoms. Alarm symptoms for constipation Correct Answer Blood, weight loss, anemia, family history of colon cancer. Physical exam for constipation Correct Answer Includes abdominal exam, digital rectal exam, and neurological exam if indicated. Diagnosis of constipation Correct Answer Mostly clinical; consider labs if alarm signs are present. Imaging for constipation Correct Answer Abdominal X-ray if obstruction or impaction is suspected. Lifestyle changes for constipation Correct Answer Increase dietary fiber (20-35 g/day), adequate hydration, and regular exercise. Bulk-forming agents Correct Answer Examples include psyllium; should be taken with plenty of water.