NUR 445 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS |
A+ GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the treatment for 3rd degree heart block? Correct
Answer Call for help
CPR/ACLS as needed
O2
Pacing
What is cardiac tamponade? Correct Answer
accumulation of blood/fluid around pericardial space
What is a characteristic sign of cardiac tamponade?
Correct Answer Pulsus paradoxus
-Patient takes a deep breath in and SBP drops > 10
mmHg
Beck's Triad
-Muffled heart sounds
-JVD
-Hypotension
How do we diagnose cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
SBP of <90 for 30 min
,Wedge >15 mmHg
CI < 2.2L/minute/m^2
What are s/sx of HF/cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
crackles in lungs, generalized edema, JVD, increased
wedge pressure
How do we treat cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
vasopressors, vasodilators, inotropes (goal is to increase
BP and CO)
Preload Correct Answer The pressure or stretch exerted
on the walls of the ventricle by the VOLUME of blood filling
the ventricle at the end of diastole
What pressures are associated with preload? Correct
Answer RAP or CVP
PAWP
Afterload Correct Answer Pressure or RESISTANCE the
ventricle has to overcome to open the aortic or pulmonic
valves to eject the blood into the systemic or pulmonary
circulation
What pressures are associated with afterload? Correct
Answer SVR
PVR
What is the normal CVP or RAP? Correct Answer 2-6
mmHg
, What does it mean if the CVP is high/low? Correct Answer
High = fluid volume overload
Low = fluid volume deficit
-Deficit could be absolute = dehydration
-Deficit could be relative = third-spacing
What is the normal range for MAP? Correct Answer 70-90
mmHg
What is the normal wedge (PAWP) pressure? Correct
Answer 4-12 mmHg
What is the normal SVR? Correct Answer 900-1400
dynes/sec/cm^5
What does it mean if the SVR is high or low? Correct
Answer High = vasoconstriction
(treat with nitro)
Low = vasodilated
(treat with vasopressors)
What is the normal pulmonary artery systolic (PAS)
pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic (PAD) pressures?
Correct Answer PAS = 20-30 mmHg
PAD = 8-15 mmHg
What are the PA pressures affected by? Correct Answer
Pulmonary HTN, lung disease, PE, hypoxemia
AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS |
A+ GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the treatment for 3rd degree heart block? Correct
Answer Call for help
CPR/ACLS as needed
O2
Pacing
What is cardiac tamponade? Correct Answer
accumulation of blood/fluid around pericardial space
What is a characteristic sign of cardiac tamponade?
Correct Answer Pulsus paradoxus
-Patient takes a deep breath in and SBP drops > 10
mmHg
Beck's Triad
-Muffled heart sounds
-JVD
-Hypotension
How do we diagnose cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
SBP of <90 for 30 min
,Wedge >15 mmHg
CI < 2.2L/minute/m^2
What are s/sx of HF/cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
crackles in lungs, generalized edema, JVD, increased
wedge pressure
How do we treat cardiogenic shock? Correct Answer
vasopressors, vasodilators, inotropes (goal is to increase
BP and CO)
Preload Correct Answer The pressure or stretch exerted
on the walls of the ventricle by the VOLUME of blood filling
the ventricle at the end of diastole
What pressures are associated with preload? Correct
Answer RAP or CVP
PAWP
Afterload Correct Answer Pressure or RESISTANCE the
ventricle has to overcome to open the aortic or pulmonic
valves to eject the blood into the systemic or pulmonary
circulation
What pressures are associated with afterload? Correct
Answer SVR
PVR
What is the normal CVP or RAP? Correct Answer 2-6
mmHg
, What does it mean if the CVP is high/low? Correct Answer
High = fluid volume overload
Low = fluid volume deficit
-Deficit could be absolute = dehydration
-Deficit could be relative = third-spacing
What is the normal range for MAP? Correct Answer 70-90
mmHg
What is the normal wedge (PAWP) pressure? Correct
Answer 4-12 mmHg
What is the normal SVR? Correct Answer 900-1400
dynes/sec/cm^5
What does it mean if the SVR is high or low? Correct
Answer High = vasoconstriction
(treat with nitro)
Low = vasodilated
(treat with vasopressors)
What is the normal pulmonary artery systolic (PAS)
pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic (PAD) pressures?
Correct Answer PAS = 20-30 mmHg
PAD = 8-15 mmHg
What are the PA pressures affected by? Correct Answer
Pulmonary HTN, lung disease, PE, hypoxemia
