NR 546 MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR 546 MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Nigrostriatal Pathway Correct Answer Tract from substantia nigra to striatum (basal ganglia) Mesolimbic Pathway Correct Answer VTA to nucleus accumbens Mesocortical Pathway Correct Answer VTA to prefrontal cortex Tuberoinfundibular Pathway Correct Answer Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary Nigrostriatal Function Correct Answer Controls posture and voluntary movements 2 Mesolimbic Function Correct Answer Regulates emotional behaviors and pleasure Tuberoinfundibular Function Correct Answer Regulates prolactin release Nigrostriatal Adverse Effects Correct Answer Can cause movement disorders like Parkinsonism and tremor Mesolimbic Adverse Effects Correct Answer Can cause positive symptoms of schizophrenia and substance abuse reward Tuberoinfundibular Adverse Effects Correct Answer Can cause galactorrhea and sexual dysfunction First Generation Antipsychotics 3 Correct Answer Used for schizophrenia and psychosis. Blocks D2 receptors in mesolimbic pathway. Second Generation Antipsychotics Correct Answer Associated with metabolic adverse effects (e.g. weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased risk of diabetes). Olanzapine and clozapine have the highest risk. Pines, 2 dones and a rone, 2 pips and a rip Correct Answer Not clear, consider revising for clarity. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Correct Answer Associated with cognitive symptoms. Mesocortical and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Correct Answer Related to negative and affective symptoms. Orbitofrontal and Connections to the Amygdala 4 Correct Answer Linked to aggressive and impulsive symptoms. FGA Side Effects Correct Answer Include hyperprolactinemia, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, blood dyscrasias, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness. Clozapine Correct Answer Not indicated for acute presentation of schizophrenia. ANC must be 1500. Highest risk for weight gain. Clozapine and Lurasidone Correct Answer Noted for decreased risk of death by suicide. Risperidone Correct Answer Atypical antipsychotic. Off-label use for psychosis associated with dementia despite black box warning. Benzodiazepines 5 Correct Answer Effective immediately. Can treat panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder. Short-term use. Enhance GABA's inhibitory effects. NMS Treatment Correct Answer Dantrolene and Bromocriptine NMS Symptoms Correct Answer Symptoms include diaphoresis, anxiety, tachypnea, muscle stiffness, altered mental status, tachycardia, and high fever. Tardive Dyskinesia Symptoms Correct Answer -Lip smacking -Grimaces -Tongue protrusion -Twisting or jerking movements Tardive Dyskinesia Treatment Correct Answer -Benzos 6 -Botulinum -Tetrabenazine -Anticholinergics Akathisia Symptoms Correct Answer Restless, trouble standing still, paces the floor, feet in constant motion, rocking back and forth Akathisia Treatment Correct Answer Beta blockers and Benzodiazepines Acute Dystonia Symptoms Correct Answer Muscle spasms of face, tongue, neck, and back Facial grimacing Involuntary upward eye movements Laryngeal spasms Acute Dystonia Treatment Correct Answer Benztropine and Diphenhydramine