NRS 546 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NRS 546 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) What to do when assessing heart rhythm waves - Examine waves (one P wave during every QRS, inverted or upright T wave/ST segment), presence of A fib or flutter, PR and QRS interval length Intrinsic rates - - SA node/atria 60-100 - AV node and His 40-60 - Bundle branches and Purkinje fibers 20-40 Causes of dysrhythmias - valve/conduction defects, myocardial ischemia, HF, cardiomyopathy, acid/electrolyte issues, drugs, and substance toxicity, metabolic issues (thyroid, DM), sepsis, supplements Emergency management of dysrhythmias - assess ABCs, nasal cannula or nonrebreather, IV insertion, ECG continuous, identify the underlying rate and rhythm, anticipate need for antidysrhythmics/analgesics/intubation/CPR Junctional rhythm description - no firing from the SA node, AV node becomes the pacemaker and travels backward, no QRS present, inverted P wave, 40-60bpm, PR interval 0.12 sec Junctional rhythm treatment - Pacemaker First-degree heart block description - Long PR interval (0.2), normal RR, impulses are conducted only through the ventricles First-degree heart block causes - Age and drug use First-degree heart block treatment - none Second-degree heart block description - Gradual PR interval increasing Second-degree heart block causes - drugs, ischemia, CAD, HF Second-degree heart block treatment - Atropine, pacemaker Third-degree heart block description - Regular PR intervals by no connected QRS complexes and P waves Third-degree heart block s/s - hypotension, dizziness, LOC Third-degree heart block causes - Drugs, systemic diseases, causes low CO, ischemia, HF, and shock Third-degree heart block treatment - Emergent temporary pacemaker until stable, then permanent pacemaker Dopamine or epinephrine PVC description - 'extra' heartbeats Not necessarily negative, but they can reduce cardiac output PVC causes - stimulants, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, and HF PVC treatment - asymptomatic: observation, assess hemodynamic status symptomatic: 1) beta blockers 2) amiodarone V tach and torsades de pointes causes - Low mg (torsades) Drugs, heart diseases, CNS issues, electrolyte imbalances V tach treatment - Treat the underlying cause Cardioversion if a pulse is present If not CPR and amiodarone V fib causes - MI, ischemia, and cardiac procedures V fib treatment - CPR, as the person will be without a pulse and unresponsive then epi and amiodarone Metoprolol uses in dysrhythmias - Junctional Amiodarone uses in dysrhythmias - V fib/tach and junctional Epinephrine uses in dysrhythmias - Asystole and V fib/tach