NR 203 Midterm Exam with Accurate Answers.
Latest Edition
Precordium - ✔✔anterior surface of the chest wall overlying the heart and its related structures
- during auscultation note rate and rhythm --> if irregular assess for pulse deficit ( listen and
palpate @same time for 1 min)
Mediastinum - ✔✔- cavity between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae,
esophagus, and trachea
- pleural cavities on either sides that contain lungs
Pericardium - ✔✔Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
- Fibrous & Serous layers
- Serous has parietal and visceral layers that contain serous fluid to prevent friction
Myocardium - ✔✔muscular, middle layer of the heart
Endocardium - ✔✔inner lining of the heart
AV Valves - ✔✔tricuspid (rt) and mitral
open w diastole, close w ventricular systole
SL Valves - ✔✔pulmonary (rt) and aortic
How much blood does the heart pump/minute - ✔✔4-6L through 120,000km of blood vessels
- P in Rt side lower - only needs to pump to lungs
,How can you hear the split S2 sound - ✔✔Deep respirations that cause delayed Pulmonary V
(Rt) closure
'T-DUP'
normal to hear
What does the "lub" sound represent? - ✔✔AV valves close; beginning of systole
coincides w carotid artery pulse & R wave
s1
What does S3 and S4 indicate? - ✔✔s3 right after s2 - lub DUB click
s4 right before s1 - click lub DUB
both caused by turbulent blood flow and resistant ventricles
can be normal or abnormal
heart murmurs are caused by - ✔✔valve wall defects or r/t velocity/viscosity of blood
gentle blowing, clicking, rushing or gurgling
can be functional or beninge
characterized by:
- timing (diastole or systole)
- loudness (6 grades, 1 being soft, 6 being loud enough to hear w/o stethoscope)
- pitch/pattern/quality
- duration
, what are the characteristics of heart sounds - ✔✔1. frequency (pitch)
2. intensity (loudness)
3. duration (more silence than sound)
4. timing (systole or diastole)
Great heart vessels - ✔✔vena cava
- superior and inferior
pulmonary arteries and veins
- p arteries: deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
- p veins: oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
aorta
- ascending, arch, thoracic and abdominal
what causes the need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) - ✔✔restore blood flow around a
blocked heart artery due to:
- atherosclerosis
- coronary artery disease
- heart attack
won't cure heart disease but can relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain
if a stent does not work or artery continues to narrow
pulmonary trunk (artery) - ✔✔delivers deoxygenated blood to lungs
only time arteries carry deox blood other than umbellical cord
Latest Edition
Precordium - ✔✔anterior surface of the chest wall overlying the heart and its related structures
- during auscultation note rate and rhythm --> if irregular assess for pulse deficit ( listen and
palpate @same time for 1 min)
Mediastinum - ✔✔- cavity between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae,
esophagus, and trachea
- pleural cavities on either sides that contain lungs
Pericardium - ✔✔Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
- Fibrous & Serous layers
- Serous has parietal and visceral layers that contain serous fluid to prevent friction
Myocardium - ✔✔muscular, middle layer of the heart
Endocardium - ✔✔inner lining of the heart
AV Valves - ✔✔tricuspid (rt) and mitral
open w diastole, close w ventricular systole
SL Valves - ✔✔pulmonary (rt) and aortic
How much blood does the heart pump/minute - ✔✔4-6L through 120,000km of blood vessels
- P in Rt side lower - only needs to pump to lungs
,How can you hear the split S2 sound - ✔✔Deep respirations that cause delayed Pulmonary V
(Rt) closure
'T-DUP'
normal to hear
What does the "lub" sound represent? - ✔✔AV valves close; beginning of systole
coincides w carotid artery pulse & R wave
s1
What does S3 and S4 indicate? - ✔✔s3 right after s2 - lub DUB click
s4 right before s1 - click lub DUB
both caused by turbulent blood flow and resistant ventricles
can be normal or abnormal
heart murmurs are caused by - ✔✔valve wall defects or r/t velocity/viscosity of blood
gentle blowing, clicking, rushing or gurgling
can be functional or beninge
characterized by:
- timing (diastole or systole)
- loudness (6 grades, 1 being soft, 6 being loud enough to hear w/o stethoscope)
- pitch/pattern/quality
- duration
, what are the characteristics of heart sounds - ✔✔1. frequency (pitch)
2. intensity (loudness)
3. duration (more silence than sound)
4. timing (systole or diastole)
Great heart vessels - ✔✔vena cava
- superior and inferior
pulmonary arteries and veins
- p arteries: deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
- p veins: oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
aorta
- ascending, arch, thoracic and abdominal
what causes the need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) - ✔✔restore blood flow around a
blocked heart artery due to:
- atherosclerosis
- coronary artery disease
- heart attack
won't cure heart disease but can relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain
if a stent does not work or artery continues to narrow
pulmonary trunk (artery) - ✔✔delivers deoxygenated blood to lungs
only time arteries carry deox blood other than umbellical cord
