NR 203 Midterm Exam with Accurate Answers.
Latest Edition
clinical judgement - ✔✔refers to the result (outcome) of critical thinking or clinical reasoning;
the conclusion, decision, or opinion a nurse makes
Palpebral fissures - ✔✔the elliptical open space between the eyelids
Canthus of eye - ✔✔Points where lower and upper lids meet.
caruncle - ✔✔small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands
Conjunctiva - ✔✔mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
lacrimal apparatus - ✔✔provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea moist
and lubricated
lacrimal glands - ✔✔The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear
glands.
lacrimal ducts - ✔✔tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
lacrimal puncta - ✔✔drains tears into the nose - visible at inner canthus
extra ocular muscles - ✔✔Muscles surrounding the eye that allow it to move within the eye
socket
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
,Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Cranial nerves of extra ocular muscles - ✔✔CN III oculomotor
CN IV trochlear
CN VI abducen
Sclera - ✔✔white of the eye; maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner
layers of tissue
Outermost
Cornea - ✔✔the transparent outer covering of the eye (covers iris and pupils). Very sensitive
Part of refracting media - bend to focus on retina
Corneal reflex - ✔✔blinking in response to corneal stimulation by a cotton wisp. CN V and VII
Choroid - ✔✔middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera. Contains iris;
pupil lens and chambers
Ciliary bodies - ✔✔smooth muscles that change the shape of the lens to allow for near and
distant vision
Iris - ✔✔a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and
controls the size of the pupil opening (contract in bright light)
Pupil - ✔✔the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
,Determined by balance in parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
Lens - ✔✔the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images
on the retina
Anterior and posterior chambers of the eye - ✔✔filled with aqueous humor that delivers
nutrients and drains wastes
Retina - ✔✔the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones
plus layers of neurons that convert the energy to electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic
nerve
optic disc - ✔✔Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
Nasal aspect of the retina
Creamy yellow orange to pink
Round or oval
Cup centre - blood vessels enter and exit
Retinal vessels - ✔✔normally include a paired artery and vein extending to each quadrant
Macula - ✔✔yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
Fovea centralis - ✔✔pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of
sharpest vision
Refraction of the eye - ✔✔Upside down and reverse
Emmotropia - ✔✔normal refractive condition of the eye
, Hyperopia - ✔✔A condition in which visual images come to a focus behind the retina of the eye
and vision is better for distant than for near objects -- called also farsightedness.
Myopia - ✔✔nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a
point in front of the retina
pupillary light reflex - ✔✔normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina
Fixation - ✔✔a reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting person's attention. Objective
fixed in center of the field, fovea centralis
Accommodation - ✔✔the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far
objects on the retina. Increases curvature of the lens. By ciliary muscles movement
Presbyopia - ✔✔farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring
typically in middle and old age.
Cataract - ✔✔clouding of the lens of the eye occurs with aging
Macular degeneration - ✔✔breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in
partial or complete loss of central vision
Glaucoma - ✔✔increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve
with loss of vision
Diabetic retinopathy - ✔✔damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
Strabismus - ✔✔abnormal deviation of the eye
Latest Edition
clinical judgement - ✔✔refers to the result (outcome) of critical thinking or clinical reasoning;
the conclusion, decision, or opinion a nurse makes
Palpebral fissures - ✔✔the elliptical open space between the eyelids
Canthus of eye - ✔✔Points where lower and upper lids meet.
caruncle - ✔✔small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands
Conjunctiva - ✔✔mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
lacrimal apparatus - ✔✔provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea moist
and lubricated
lacrimal glands - ✔✔The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear
glands.
lacrimal ducts - ✔✔tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
lacrimal puncta - ✔✔drains tears into the nose - visible at inner canthus
extra ocular muscles - ✔✔Muscles surrounding the eye that allow it to move within the eye
socket
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
,Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Cranial nerves of extra ocular muscles - ✔✔CN III oculomotor
CN IV trochlear
CN VI abducen
Sclera - ✔✔white of the eye; maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner
layers of tissue
Outermost
Cornea - ✔✔the transparent outer covering of the eye (covers iris and pupils). Very sensitive
Part of refracting media - bend to focus on retina
Corneal reflex - ✔✔blinking in response to corneal stimulation by a cotton wisp. CN V and VII
Choroid - ✔✔middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera. Contains iris;
pupil lens and chambers
Ciliary bodies - ✔✔smooth muscles that change the shape of the lens to allow for near and
distant vision
Iris - ✔✔a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and
controls the size of the pupil opening (contract in bright light)
Pupil - ✔✔the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
,Determined by balance in parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
Lens - ✔✔the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images
on the retina
Anterior and posterior chambers of the eye - ✔✔filled with aqueous humor that delivers
nutrients and drains wastes
Retina - ✔✔the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones
plus layers of neurons that convert the energy to electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic
nerve
optic disc - ✔✔Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
Nasal aspect of the retina
Creamy yellow orange to pink
Round or oval
Cup centre - blood vessels enter and exit
Retinal vessels - ✔✔normally include a paired artery and vein extending to each quadrant
Macula - ✔✔yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
Fovea centralis - ✔✔pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of
sharpest vision
Refraction of the eye - ✔✔Upside down and reverse
Emmotropia - ✔✔normal refractive condition of the eye
, Hyperopia - ✔✔A condition in which visual images come to a focus behind the retina of the eye
and vision is better for distant than for near objects -- called also farsightedness.
Myopia - ✔✔nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a
point in front of the retina
pupillary light reflex - ✔✔normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina
Fixation - ✔✔a reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting person's attention. Objective
fixed in center of the field, fovea centralis
Accommodation - ✔✔the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far
objects on the retina. Increases curvature of the lens. By ciliary muscles movement
Presbyopia - ✔✔farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring
typically in middle and old age.
Cataract - ✔✔clouding of the lens of the eye occurs with aging
Macular degeneration - ✔✔breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in
partial or complete loss of central vision
Glaucoma - ✔✔increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve
with loss of vision
Diabetic retinopathy - ✔✔damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
Strabismus - ✔✔abnormal deviation of the eye
