CHAMBERLAIN NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

CHAMBERLAIN NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer - "Allergic reaction" - Mediated by IgE. - Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation. - Hay fever, hives (uticaria). - Local s/s: itching, rash. - Systemic: wheezing. - Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction. - Main tx: epinephrine. Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer - Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific - Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved - Causes tissue damage or alters function - Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage; severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis. Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions Correct Answer - Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface. - Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues. Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction Correct Answer - Immune complex - Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues - Neutrophils are the primary effector cell - Causes autoimmune diseases - Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, organs) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Correct Answer - Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash) - Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling) - Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure) - Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers - Hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia) - Immunologic disorders - Non-erosive arthritis of at least two peripheral joints - Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis) - Renal disorder - Neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis) - Presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) Autoimmunity Correct Answer - Can be familial: Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and allergic reactions). Alloimmunity Correct Answer - General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species.