Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring | With
complete questions and answers |
2025/26
/. uterine blood supply - Answer-✅- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral
arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal
capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space
that go into mother's venous system
/.Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - Answer-✅*Maternal
Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
/.Fetal hypoxemia - Answer-✅- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive
uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or
absent variability from acidemia
/.(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - Answer-✅1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
/.Fetal anaerobic metabolism - Answer-✅- occurs when long term O2 delivery is
insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
, /.acidosis - Answer-✅pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
/.alkalosis - Answer-✅pH above 7.45
pH is high
/.buffers - Answer-✅- help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
/.base excess and base deficit - Answer-✅- base deficit is expressed as a positive
number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
/.fetal acidosis - Answer-✅- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
/.acidemia - Answer-✅assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body
function
/.fetal hypoxia during birth - Answer-✅assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars,
neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
/.respiratory acidosis - Answer-✅*low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base
deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
/.factors that contribute to resp acidosis - Answer-✅- sudden decrease in placental or
cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
/.metabolic acidosis - Answer-✅*ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit
(>12)*
- a higher base deficit (such as > 12) has been assoc w/higher risk for severe neonatal
complications
complete questions and answers |
2025/26
/. uterine blood supply - Answer-✅- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral
arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal
capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space
that go into mother's venous system
/.Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - Answer-✅*Maternal
Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
/.Fetal hypoxemia - Answer-✅- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive
uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or
absent variability from acidemia
/.(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - Answer-✅1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
/.Fetal anaerobic metabolism - Answer-✅- occurs when long term O2 delivery is
insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
, /.acidosis - Answer-✅pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
/.alkalosis - Answer-✅pH above 7.45
pH is high
/.buffers - Answer-✅- help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
/.base excess and base deficit - Answer-✅- base deficit is expressed as a positive
number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
/.fetal acidosis - Answer-✅- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
/.acidemia - Answer-✅assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body
function
/.fetal hypoxia during birth - Answer-✅assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars,
neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
/.respiratory acidosis - Answer-✅*low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base
deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
/.factors that contribute to resp acidosis - Answer-✅- sudden decrease in placental or
cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
/.metabolic acidosis - Answer-✅*ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit
(>12)*
- a higher base deficit (such as > 12) has been assoc w/higher risk for severe neonatal
complications
