1 | Page
Galen Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
and Answers
What is positive feedback in hormone secretion? Ans: The end
product stimulates more production of the end product
What is negative feedback in hormone secretion? Ans: Mechanism
that regulates most hormones that control the endocrine system.
The end product will reduce or inhibit the stimulus - returning the
system to balance.
What are the two hormones that the posterior pituitary stores?
Ans: 1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)
2. Oxytocin (OXT)
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, 2 | Page
How does ADH (vasopressin) work? Ans: Release stimulated:
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus when the body is low on
water. Decrease in blood volume and pressure.
Primary Target: Kidneys
Effects: Decreases water loss from the kidney. Triggers
vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
Regulation: negative feedback
Deficiency: Diabetes Insipidus, large loss of body water (polyuria)
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, 3 | Page
How does oxytocin work? Ans: Release stimulated: By neurons in
the hypothalamus
Primary Target: Uterus, mammary glands
Effects: Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during labor and
delivery. Stimulates contraction of cells surrounding milk
secretory cells in mammary glands. Relationship bonding
Regulation: positive feedback
How do thyroid hormones work? Ans: Release stimulated: TRH
from the hypothalamus triggers TSH release in the anterior
pituitary gland triggering release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland
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, 4 | Page
Primary Target: Most cells
Effects: Stimulates protein synthesis, ↑ carb breakdown, ↑ insulin-
dependent entry of glucose into cells, ↓ serum cholesterol, ↑ body
temperature
Regulation: Negative feedback
What are deficiencies in thyroid hormones? Ans: Goiter - enlarged
thyroid gland due to hypo-secretion of T3 and T4.
© 2025 All rights reserved
Galen Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
and Answers
What is positive feedback in hormone secretion? Ans: The end
product stimulates more production of the end product
What is negative feedback in hormone secretion? Ans: Mechanism
that regulates most hormones that control the endocrine system.
The end product will reduce or inhibit the stimulus - returning the
system to balance.
What are the two hormones that the posterior pituitary stores?
Ans: 1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)
2. Oxytocin (OXT)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
How does ADH (vasopressin) work? Ans: Release stimulated:
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus when the body is low on
water. Decrease in blood volume and pressure.
Primary Target: Kidneys
Effects: Decreases water loss from the kidney. Triggers
vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
Regulation: negative feedback
Deficiency: Diabetes Insipidus, large loss of body water (polyuria)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
How does oxytocin work? Ans: Release stimulated: By neurons in
the hypothalamus
Primary Target: Uterus, mammary glands
Effects: Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during labor and
delivery. Stimulates contraction of cells surrounding milk
secretory cells in mammary glands. Relationship bonding
Regulation: positive feedback
How do thyroid hormones work? Ans: Release stimulated: TRH
from the hypothalamus triggers TSH release in the anterior
pituitary gland triggering release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
Primary Target: Most cells
Effects: Stimulates protein synthesis, ↑ carb breakdown, ↑ insulin-
dependent entry of glucose into cells, ↓ serum cholesterol, ↑ body
temperature
Regulation: Negative feedback
What are deficiencies in thyroid hormones? Ans: Goiter - enlarged
thyroid gland due to hypo-secretion of T3 and T4.
© 2025 All rights reserved
