UAFS HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS. A+ GRADE 2025/2026.
What is energy? - ANS Energy is the capacity to do work.
What is the difference between chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work? -
ANS 1. Chemical work- Making and breaking of chemical bonds.
2. Transport work- Moving ions, molecules, and larger particles useful for creating
concentration gradients.
3. Mechanical work- moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating flagella and cilia, and
contracting muscles.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - ANS -Kinetic energy is the
energy of motion.
-Potential energy is stored energy
(Stored in concentration gradients and chemical bonds)
What are enzymes? - ANS Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
What is a catalyst? - ANS A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used
up.
What are enzymes made of? - ANS Proteins (or RNA)
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,Why are enzymes importat? - ANS Enzymes help facilitate biochemical reactions in our
bodies.
What is a reaction rate? - ANS measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place.
How does the amount of substract effect it? - ANS (Directly related) More substrate makes
the reaction rate faster, less substrate makes the reaction rate slower.
How does the amount of enzyme affect it? - ANS (Directly related) The amount of enzymes
can direct the speed. How much is available?
How does temperature affect it? - ANS Enzymes are denature at high temperatures (Changes
the shape, function, and no longer works)
What is pH? - ANS Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution or fluid. "Potential for
hydrogen"
What is the pH scale? (Make sure you know how to read one.) - ANS A scale used to define
the levels of hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a solution or fluid. Ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14
(base/alkaline) with 7 being neutral.
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? - ANS Anabolism- energy utilizing
synthesis
Catabolism- energy-releasing breakdown
What is the difference between internal and external environment? - ANS -Internal
environment affects the bodies chemistry
-External environment does not affect the bodies chemistry
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, What is the difference in locations between ECF and ICF? - ANS ECF- watery internal
environment that surrounds the cells
ICF-Fluid within the cells
What are the 2 locations of ECF? - ANS Interstitial fluid and plasma
What is a membrane? (2 kinds) - ANS A thin, semi-permeable barrier that surrounds and
encloses the contents of a cell. (Peripheral and Integral)
What are the 4 common characteristics of a biological membrane? - ANS Physical isolation,
Regulation of exchange with the environment, Communication between the cell and it's
environment, Structural support
What is the difference between secretion and excretion? - ANS Secretion-Cell releases
substrate into extracellular space.
Excretion-Releases outside of the body; wastes.
Explain how homeostasis does not mean equilibrium. - ANS Homeostasis refers to the entire
internal environment, equilibrium is narrowed to specific mechanisms.
Define the following: Osmotic equilibrium - ANS Osmotic equilibrium is where fluid
concentrations are equal on the two sides of the cell membrane: water moves freely between
most cells and the extracellular fluid. Water will continue to move across the membrane into
more highly concentrated compartments until all the concentrations are equal.
Define the following: Chemical disequilibrium - ANS Na+ and Cl- are more highly
concentrated inside the cell. Each ion is in chemical disequilibrium because it is not evenly
distributed between the compartments.
Define the following: Electrical disequilibrium - ANS Extra negative ions are found in the
intracellular fluid. Changes in this disequilibrium create electrical signals.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS. A+ GRADE 2025/2026.
What is energy? - ANS Energy is the capacity to do work.
What is the difference between chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work? -
ANS 1. Chemical work- Making and breaking of chemical bonds.
2. Transport work- Moving ions, molecules, and larger particles useful for creating
concentration gradients.
3. Mechanical work- moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating flagella and cilia, and
contracting muscles.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - ANS -Kinetic energy is the
energy of motion.
-Potential energy is stored energy
(Stored in concentration gradients and chemical bonds)
What are enzymes? - ANS Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
What is a catalyst? - ANS A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used
up.
What are enzymes made of? - ANS Proteins (or RNA)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Why are enzymes importat? - ANS Enzymes help facilitate biochemical reactions in our
bodies.
What is a reaction rate? - ANS measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place.
How does the amount of substract effect it? - ANS (Directly related) More substrate makes
the reaction rate faster, less substrate makes the reaction rate slower.
How does the amount of enzyme affect it? - ANS (Directly related) The amount of enzymes
can direct the speed. How much is available?
How does temperature affect it? - ANS Enzymes are denature at high temperatures (Changes
the shape, function, and no longer works)
What is pH? - ANS Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution or fluid. "Potential for
hydrogen"
What is the pH scale? (Make sure you know how to read one.) - ANS A scale used to define
the levels of hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a solution or fluid. Ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14
(base/alkaline) with 7 being neutral.
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? - ANS Anabolism- energy utilizing
synthesis
Catabolism- energy-releasing breakdown
What is the difference between internal and external environment? - ANS -Internal
environment affects the bodies chemistry
-External environment does not affect the bodies chemistry
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What is the difference in locations between ECF and ICF? - ANS ECF- watery internal
environment that surrounds the cells
ICF-Fluid within the cells
What are the 2 locations of ECF? - ANS Interstitial fluid and plasma
What is a membrane? (2 kinds) - ANS A thin, semi-permeable barrier that surrounds and
encloses the contents of a cell. (Peripheral and Integral)
What are the 4 common characteristics of a biological membrane? - ANS Physical isolation,
Regulation of exchange with the environment, Communication between the cell and it's
environment, Structural support
What is the difference between secretion and excretion? - ANS Secretion-Cell releases
substrate into extracellular space.
Excretion-Releases outside of the body; wastes.
Explain how homeostasis does not mean equilibrium. - ANS Homeostasis refers to the entire
internal environment, equilibrium is narrowed to specific mechanisms.
Define the following: Osmotic equilibrium - ANS Osmotic equilibrium is where fluid
concentrations are equal on the two sides of the cell membrane: water moves freely between
most cells and the extracellular fluid. Water will continue to move across the membrane into
more highly concentrated compartments until all the concentrations are equal.
Define the following: Chemical disequilibrium - ANS Na+ and Cl- are more highly
concentrated inside the cell. Each ion is in chemical disequilibrium because it is not evenly
distributed between the compartments.
Define the following: Electrical disequilibrium - ANS Extra negative ions are found in the
intracellular fluid. Changes in this disequilibrium create electrical signals.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
