UAFS PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS. A+ GRADE 2025/2026.
At a holiday celebration, you ate foods high in salt. Which would you predict? -
ANS Decreased urine volume and increased blood volume
Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are
freely permeable to ____. - ANS water
If you held your breath, which would you predict? - ANS Increased plasma carbon dioxide
and then increased hydrogen ion concentration due to shifting of the buffer equation
If a patient had damage to his posterior pituitary that resulted in decreased secretion of
vasopressin, which of the following would you expect? - ANS Increased urine output and
decreased blood volume
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Why would osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
shrink, and what would you predict for vasopressin release? - ANS High plasma osmolarity,
increased vasopressin release
A patient had an opioid overdose causing respiratory depression. Which would you expect for
kidney compensation? - ANS Increased hydrogen ion excretion and increased bicarbonate
ion reabsorption
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What is the effect of countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle? - ANS Water is
reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.
Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest? - ANS renal system
The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would
the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution? - ANS A
hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form
water and sodium bicarbonate.
The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body.
How does it work to decrease an acidosis? - ANS Carbonic acid is broken down into water
and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.
In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following? - ANS The kidney would
reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.
Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances? -
ANS metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance? - ANS metabolic alkalosis
Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the
compensation? - ANS respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3
Why is a high medullary interstitial osmolarity important to renal function? - ANS It allows
reabsorption of water.
Dehydration leads to __________ blood volume, __________ blood pressure, and __________
osmolarity. - ANS decreased; decreased; increased
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS. A+ GRADE 2025/2026.
At a holiday celebration, you ate foods high in salt. Which would you predict? -
ANS Decreased urine volume and increased blood volume
Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are
freely permeable to ____. - ANS water
If you held your breath, which would you predict? - ANS Increased plasma carbon dioxide
and then increased hydrogen ion concentration due to shifting of the buffer equation
If a patient had damage to his posterior pituitary that resulted in decreased secretion of
vasopressin, which of the following would you expect? - ANS Increased urine output and
decreased blood volume
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Why would osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
shrink, and what would you predict for vasopressin release? - ANS High plasma osmolarity,
increased vasopressin release
A patient had an opioid overdose causing respiratory depression. Which would you expect for
kidney compensation? - ANS Increased hydrogen ion excretion and increased bicarbonate
ion reabsorption
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, What is the effect of countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle? - ANS Water is
reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.
Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest? - ANS renal system
The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would
the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution? - ANS A
hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form
water and sodium bicarbonate.
The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body.
How does it work to decrease an acidosis? - ANS Carbonic acid is broken down into water
and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.
In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following? - ANS The kidney would
reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.
Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances? -
ANS metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance? - ANS metabolic alkalosis
Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the
compensation? - ANS respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3
Why is a high medullary interstitial osmolarity important to renal function? - ANS It allows
reabsorption of water.
Dehydration leads to __________ blood volume, __________ blood pressure, and __________
osmolarity. - ANS decreased; decreased; increased
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
