UAFS PHYSIOLOGY CORNELL FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE 2025/2026.

UAFS PHYSIOLOGY CORNELL FINAL
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.




ICF - ANS fluid inside the cell


ECF - ANS fluid outside the cell


Ions higher in the ICF - ANS K+ and proteins


Ions higher in the ECF - ANS - Plasma: Na+, Cl- and proteins
- Intersitial fluid: Na+ and Cl-


Phagocytosis - ANS - active mechanism
- From ECF to ICF
- Large Molecule
- creates phagosome and uses pseudopods to "eat" molecules


Endocytosis - ANS - smaller molecule
- plasma membrane invaginates


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, - some are selective for specific ligand, (receptor mediated endocytosis)


Exocytosis - ANS - opposite of endocytosis
- Triggered by Ca+
- sent out in vesicles


Diffusion - ANS - passive; high to low concentration
- faster w/ shorter distances; decrease distance = increase D.R.
- Increase in gradient = increase in D.R.
- Increase temp = increase in D.R.
- Inversely related to molecular size.
- increase in lipids= increase in D.R.


facilitated diffusion - ANS - uses channels or carrier to get across membrane
- Goes down concentration gradients
- no energy input ( ex. GLUT transport)


Active transport - ANS - uses carrier proteins
- moves molecules against concentration gradients
- Requires energy, either directly or indirectly


primary (direct) active transport - ANS uses ATP directly for energy


Secondary (indirect) active transport - ANS uses potential energy stored in concentration of
one molecule to push another molecule against its gradient


What is resting membrane potential - ANS -70mV




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