Page 1 of 73
D 115 / D115 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT & FINAL EXAM
(LATEST UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE
PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADE A |
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
DNA .....ANSWER.....- double helix structure found inside the
nucleus
- passes instructions to offspring during reproduction
- provides code for proteins
3 building blocks of DNA .....ANSWER.....1 phosphate group
1 sugar group
1 type of nitrogen base
,Page 2 of 73
What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases of DNA?
.....ANSWER.....Adenine & Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine
how many amino acids are there? .....ANSWER.....20
amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
replication .....ANSWER.....DNA strand is untwisted and unzipped.
usually done by helicase
DNA polymerase .....ANSWER.....replicates DNA molecules to
build a new strand
adds correct nucleotides to the DNA strand, edits and enhances
the accuracy of DNA replication
frameshift mutation .....ANSWER.....insertion or deletion of one or
more nucleotide pairs to the DNA molecule
mutagens .....ANSWER.....radiation or chemicals that increase
frequency of mutations
RNA .....ANSWER.....single strand
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4 bases of RNA .....ANSWER.....Adenine&Uracil,
Guanine&Cytosine
translation .....ANSWER.....RNA to protein; happens at ribosome
in the cytoplasm
where does protein synthesis occur? .....ANSWER.....ribosome
How many chromosomes do humans have? .....ANSWER.....46 (23
pairs)
Gametes .....ANSWER.....reproductive cells
contain 23 chromosomes
meiosis .....ANSWER.....Cell division that produces reproductive
cells in sexually reproducing organisms. from haploid (one) to
diploid (two)
autosomes .....ANSWER.....first 22 pairs of chromosomes
sex chromosomes .....ANSWER.....last pair of chromosomes
(X & Y)
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euploid cells .....ANSWER.....normal number of chromosomes
(haploid and diploid)
polyploid cells .....ANSWER.....when a euploid cell has more than
the diploid number of chromosomes.
triploidy: three copies of each chromosome.
tetraploidy: four copies (92 total)
(these fetuses do not survive/are stillborn or miscarried
aneuploidy .....ANSWER.....extra or missing chromosome, not a
multiple of 23 chromosomes
trisomy: 3 copies of one chromosome - can survive
monosomy: 1 copy of any chromosome - fatal
Nondisjunction .....ANSWER.....failure of chromosomes to separate
normally during meiosis or mitosis. usually cause of aneuploidy
trisomy .....ANSWER.....chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 can survive
D 115 / D115 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT & FINAL EXAM
(LATEST UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE
PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADE A |
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
DNA .....ANSWER.....- double helix structure found inside the
nucleus
- passes instructions to offspring during reproduction
- provides code for proteins
3 building blocks of DNA .....ANSWER.....1 phosphate group
1 sugar group
1 type of nitrogen base
,Page 2 of 73
What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases of DNA?
.....ANSWER.....Adenine & Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine
how many amino acids are there? .....ANSWER.....20
amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
replication .....ANSWER.....DNA strand is untwisted and unzipped.
usually done by helicase
DNA polymerase .....ANSWER.....replicates DNA molecules to
build a new strand
adds correct nucleotides to the DNA strand, edits and enhances
the accuracy of DNA replication
frameshift mutation .....ANSWER.....insertion or deletion of one or
more nucleotide pairs to the DNA molecule
mutagens .....ANSWER.....radiation or chemicals that increase
frequency of mutations
RNA .....ANSWER.....single strand
,Page 3 of 73
4 bases of RNA .....ANSWER.....Adenine&Uracil,
Guanine&Cytosine
translation .....ANSWER.....RNA to protein; happens at ribosome
in the cytoplasm
where does protein synthesis occur? .....ANSWER.....ribosome
How many chromosomes do humans have? .....ANSWER.....46 (23
pairs)
Gametes .....ANSWER.....reproductive cells
contain 23 chromosomes
meiosis .....ANSWER.....Cell division that produces reproductive
cells in sexually reproducing organisms. from haploid (one) to
diploid (two)
autosomes .....ANSWER.....first 22 pairs of chromosomes
sex chromosomes .....ANSWER.....last pair of chromosomes
(X & Y)
, Page 4 of 73
euploid cells .....ANSWER.....normal number of chromosomes
(haploid and diploid)
polyploid cells .....ANSWER.....when a euploid cell has more than
the diploid number of chromosomes.
triploidy: three copies of each chromosome.
tetraploidy: four copies (92 total)
(these fetuses do not survive/are stillborn or miscarried
aneuploidy .....ANSWER.....extra or missing chromosome, not a
multiple of 23 chromosomes
trisomy: 3 copies of one chromosome - can survive
monosomy: 1 copy of any chromosome - fatal
Nondisjunction .....ANSWER.....failure of chromosomes to separate
normally during meiosis or mitosis. usually cause of aneuploidy
trisomy .....ANSWER.....chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 can survive
