VATI PHARMACOLOGY | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider
prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this
client? - Answer: To accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - Answer: refractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-
Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - Answer: kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and
seizures (any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - Answer: Vesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - Answer: Liquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help
cleanse skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning,
and irritation caused by hemorrhoids
What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - Answer: Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids
irritate the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - Answer: Cause hypokalemia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - Answer: Dizziness and daytime
drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - Answer: Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - Answer: -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool
and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - Answer: Equally transmissible in active and
latent stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - Answer: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression,
anxiety, and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - Answer: An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD.
Common adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the
client be positioned? - Answer: Trendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the
client's heart (limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - Answer: -hypokalemia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - Answer: Decreases lithium
levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - Answer: Increases lithium
levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - Answer: Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-urine),
so water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes
loss of K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - Answer: Call
doctor immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - Answer: Excess pancreas enzyme:
amylase. Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - Answer: Loop diuretic-
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - Answer: Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and
water in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid.
It is more potent than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is
related to: - Answer: The location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the
different endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side
effects will the client require monitoring? - Answer: Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - Answer: painful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be
seen in chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - Answer: Competes with histamine for
receptors; thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of
histamine binding)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider
prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this
client? - Answer: To accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - Answer: refractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-
Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - Answer: kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and
seizures (any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - Answer: Vesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - Answer: Liquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help
cleanse skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning,
and irritation caused by hemorrhoids
What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - Answer: Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids
irritate the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - Answer: Cause hypokalemia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - Answer: Dizziness and daytime
drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - Answer: Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - Answer: -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool
and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - Answer: Equally transmissible in active and
latent stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - Answer: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression,
anxiety, and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - Answer: An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD.
Common adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the
client be positioned? - Answer: Trendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the
client's heart (limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - Answer: -hypokalemia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - Answer: Decreases lithium
levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - Answer: Increases lithium
levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - Answer: Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-urine),
so water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes
loss of K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - Answer: Call
doctor immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - Answer: Excess pancreas enzyme:
amylase. Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - Answer: Loop diuretic-
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - Answer: Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and
water in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid.
It is more potent than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is
related to: - Answer: The location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the
different endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side
effects will the client require monitoring? - Answer: Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - Answer: painful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be
seen in chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - Answer: Competes with histamine for
receptors; thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of
histamine binding)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
