Page 1 of 115
EXAM 1: NR224 / NR 224 (LATEST
UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS)
FUNDAMENTALS: SKILLS | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| GRADE A | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
– CHAMBERLAIN
Infection .....ANSWER.....The invasion of a susceptible host by
pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease
Colonization .....ANSWER.....Occurs when a microorganism
invades the host but does not cause infection. You may get
colonized and not realize you are carrying an infection
Asymptomatic .....ANSWER.....Clinical signs and symptoms are not
present in an infection
Types of Infecting Agents .....ANSWER.....Bacteria, Fungus,
Protozoa, or Virus
,Page 2 of 115
Communicable Disease .....ANSWER.....The infectious disease
transmitted from one person to another, easily spread
Most Important Way to Prevent Infection .....ANSWER.....Hand
Hygiene
Chain of Infection .....ANSWER.....Portal of entry, host, infectious
agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, and then
back to portal of entry, and it continues in a cycle.
Reservoir .....ANSWER.....A place where microorganisms survive,
multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host
Transmission Through Direct Contact .....ANSWER.....Person to
person
Person to source
Transmission Through Indirect Contact .....ANSWER.....Person to
inanimate object
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Transmission Through Droplet .....ANSWER.....Coughing, sneezing,
talking (large particle only 3ft)
Transmission Through Airborne .....ANSWER.....Droplet nuclei or
residue suspended in air or carried on dust particles
Transmission Through Vehicles .....ANSWER.....Food, water, drugs
and solutions, blood, fomites (organic something)
Transmission Through Vector .....ANSWER.....External transfer
Internal transmission (parasitic)
Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised .....ANSWER.....Having an impaired immune
system
Virulence .....ANSWER.....The ability to produce disease, how
strong the disease is, the intensity of the disease
Aerobic Bacteria .....ANSWER.....Requires oxygen for survival
and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease
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Anaerobic Bacteria .....ANSWER.....Thrive where little or no
oxygen is available
Bacteriostasis .....ANSWER.....Prevention of growth and
reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal .....ANSWER.....Destructive to bacteria
Four Stages of Infection .....ANSWER.....1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Stage
3. Illness Stage
4. Convalescence
Incubation Period .....ANSWER.....The first stage of the infectious
process. It is the time interval between entrance of the pathogen
and appearance of the first symptoms.
Prodromal Stage .....ANSWER.....The second stage of the
infectious process. It is the interval between onset of nonspecific
EXAM 1: NR224 / NR 224 (LATEST
UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS)
FUNDAMENTALS: SKILLS | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| GRADE A | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
– CHAMBERLAIN
Infection .....ANSWER.....The invasion of a susceptible host by
pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease
Colonization .....ANSWER.....Occurs when a microorganism
invades the host but does not cause infection. You may get
colonized and not realize you are carrying an infection
Asymptomatic .....ANSWER.....Clinical signs and symptoms are not
present in an infection
Types of Infecting Agents .....ANSWER.....Bacteria, Fungus,
Protozoa, or Virus
,Page 2 of 115
Communicable Disease .....ANSWER.....The infectious disease
transmitted from one person to another, easily spread
Most Important Way to Prevent Infection .....ANSWER.....Hand
Hygiene
Chain of Infection .....ANSWER.....Portal of entry, host, infectious
agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, and then
back to portal of entry, and it continues in a cycle.
Reservoir .....ANSWER.....A place where microorganisms survive,
multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host
Transmission Through Direct Contact .....ANSWER.....Person to
person
Person to source
Transmission Through Indirect Contact .....ANSWER.....Person to
inanimate object
,Page 3 of 115
Transmission Through Droplet .....ANSWER.....Coughing, sneezing,
talking (large particle only 3ft)
Transmission Through Airborne .....ANSWER.....Droplet nuclei or
residue suspended in air or carried on dust particles
Transmission Through Vehicles .....ANSWER.....Food, water, drugs
and solutions, blood, fomites (organic something)
Transmission Through Vector .....ANSWER.....External transfer
Internal transmission (parasitic)
Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised .....ANSWER.....Having an impaired immune
system
Virulence .....ANSWER.....The ability to produce disease, how
strong the disease is, the intensity of the disease
Aerobic Bacteria .....ANSWER.....Requires oxygen for survival
and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease
, Page 4 of 115
Anaerobic Bacteria .....ANSWER.....Thrive where little or no
oxygen is available
Bacteriostasis .....ANSWER.....Prevention of growth and
reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal .....ANSWER.....Destructive to bacteria
Four Stages of Infection .....ANSWER.....1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Stage
3. Illness Stage
4. Convalescence
Incubation Period .....ANSWER.....The first stage of the infectious
process. It is the time interval between entrance of the pathogen
and appearance of the first symptoms.
Prodromal Stage .....ANSWER.....The second stage of the
infectious process. It is the interval between onset of nonspecific
