GLPH 171 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The absence of illness - Answer -Medical definition of Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not simply the absence of
disease or infirmity - Answer -World Health Organization (WHO) health definition
A broader definition of health.... Likely includes: social cohesion, support, a sense of
belonging and connection/ takes into account the social and biological precursors of
health - Answer -Why is the WHO definition better?
Individual. Household. Community. National. International - Answer -Levels of Health
determinants
Genes;age;parity;birth order;education;employment;decision making;marital status -
Answer -individual health determinants
Household access to resources;SES of household - Answer -household health
determinants
Level of development;rural/urban;stratefied or homogeneous;inheritance;martial norms -
Answer -community health determinants
Country size; population; development level; government structure; health system
structure; global market dependence; health policies - Answer -national health
determinants
Balance of power btw geopolitical sources; health sector reform, economic idealogies,
international human rights - Answer -internation health determinants
Connections btw determinants; combined effects; individual impacts - Answer -what to
consider about sdhs
The study of the distribution, determinants and deterrents of morbidity (illness, disease,
injury, etc) and mortality (death) in human population. - Answer -epidemiology
Uses probability and statistical reasoning to study "how and why different patterns of
health and disease occur among various subgroups in a population - Answer -how
does epidemiology work
Those being examined as predictors of an outcome - Answer -independent variable
The outcome(s) - Answer -dependent variable
Proximity to water pumps - Answer -what caused the rise of cholera in 1854 london
, Means that changes in an independent variable lead to changes in a dependent
variable. - Answer -causation
Relationship between two or more variable that does not infer causality. - Answer -
Correlation
1. A strong association between variables to rule out other explanations 2. Must be
demonstrated repeatedly (replicability)3. The cause should occur before the effect
(temporal change)4. Increased exposure should increase the chance or magnitude of
the effect5. Must be plausible6. Must not contradict other knowledge 7. Is verifiable by
experiments - Answer -Criteria for causation
Which is within a causal pathway. - Answer -Interaction (aka effect modification): when
the magnitude of an association between an independent and a dependant variable
varies according to the level of a third variable
Occurs when the independent variable you are studying appears to cause or lead to an
outcome but only because it is associated with another unmeasured independent
variable and that second variable is really the predictor of the outcome. - Answer -
Confounding
Individual medical care and not preventative - Answer -downstream care
Target broad social, economic, and environmental causes- root cause solutions -
Answer -Upstream care
A prevention or intervention that is of major benefit to a community/population may be of
little benefit to an individual. - Answer -prevention or intervention impact on individuals
A prevention or intervention that is of major benefit to individual may be of little benefit
to a community/population. - Answer -intervention for whole populations
A ranking of a persons position within society - Answer -SES
Income, wealth, education geography, gender, occupation - Answer -what can SES be
determined by?
No number that indicates socioeconomic status. It is ranking that compares one
individual or group to another - Answer -relative
Can be quantified - Answer -Absolute
Income (not always enough context), household income, education (proxy, its relative),
income sufficiency (relative), occupation (subjective) - Answer -Individual measures of
SES
The absence of illness - Answer -Medical definition of Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not simply the absence of
disease or infirmity - Answer -World Health Organization (WHO) health definition
A broader definition of health.... Likely includes: social cohesion, support, a sense of
belonging and connection/ takes into account the social and biological precursors of
health - Answer -Why is the WHO definition better?
Individual. Household. Community. National. International - Answer -Levels of Health
determinants
Genes;age;parity;birth order;education;employment;decision making;marital status -
Answer -individual health determinants
Household access to resources;SES of household - Answer -household health
determinants
Level of development;rural/urban;stratefied or homogeneous;inheritance;martial norms -
Answer -community health determinants
Country size; population; development level; government structure; health system
structure; global market dependence; health policies - Answer -national health
determinants
Balance of power btw geopolitical sources; health sector reform, economic idealogies,
international human rights - Answer -internation health determinants
Connections btw determinants; combined effects; individual impacts - Answer -what to
consider about sdhs
The study of the distribution, determinants and deterrents of morbidity (illness, disease,
injury, etc) and mortality (death) in human population. - Answer -epidemiology
Uses probability and statistical reasoning to study "how and why different patterns of
health and disease occur among various subgroups in a population - Answer -how
does epidemiology work
Those being examined as predictors of an outcome - Answer -independent variable
The outcome(s) - Answer -dependent variable
Proximity to water pumps - Answer -what caused the rise of cholera in 1854 london
, Means that changes in an independent variable lead to changes in a dependent
variable. - Answer -causation
Relationship between two or more variable that does not infer causality. - Answer -
Correlation
1. A strong association between variables to rule out other explanations 2. Must be
demonstrated repeatedly (replicability)3. The cause should occur before the effect
(temporal change)4. Increased exposure should increase the chance or magnitude of
the effect5. Must be plausible6. Must not contradict other knowledge 7. Is verifiable by
experiments - Answer -Criteria for causation
Which is within a causal pathway. - Answer -Interaction (aka effect modification): when
the magnitude of an association between an independent and a dependant variable
varies according to the level of a third variable
Occurs when the independent variable you are studying appears to cause or lead to an
outcome but only because it is associated with another unmeasured independent
variable and that second variable is really the predictor of the outcome. - Answer -
Confounding
Individual medical care and not preventative - Answer -downstream care
Target broad social, economic, and environmental causes- root cause solutions -
Answer -Upstream care
A prevention or intervention that is of major benefit to a community/population may be of
little benefit to an individual. - Answer -prevention or intervention impact on individuals
A prevention or intervention that is of major benefit to individual may be of little benefit
to a community/population. - Answer -intervention for whole populations
A ranking of a persons position within society - Answer -SES
Income, wealth, education geography, gender, occupation - Answer -what can SES be
determined by?
No number that indicates socioeconomic status. It is ranking that compares one
individual or group to another - Answer -relative
Can be quantified - Answer -Absolute
Income (not always enough context), household income, education (proxy, its relative),
income sufficiency (relative), occupation (subjective) - Answer -Individual measures of
SES
