BRAINSCAPE1
SPH 200 Unit 3 Exam with complete solutions latest
version
1. health (historical): the absence of disease (historically infectious diseases plagued populations and thus
shapes the definition of health to exclusionary (the absence of disease)
2. health (1946 WHO): state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing (more positive than historical
definitions), wellness without injury or disease
3. health (1978 WHO): level of health that permits people to lead socially and economically productive lives
(wellness without disease or injury VERSUS wellness with disease or injury VERSUS illness without disease or injury
VERSUS illness with disease or injury) - people with disease can still be healthy (example early stage cancer)
4. many of our health metrics remain .: disease-based (even though the definition of health
has evolved to much more than just presence or absence of disease!)
5. mortality: death rates/life expectancy data; crude, binary measure of health (alive versus dead)
6. mortality-based measurements (2 most common): 1. life expectancy at birth
2. infant mortality rates
7. disability adjusted life year: A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life
lost due to premature death + time lived with illness, disease or injury (morbidity/disability).
8. years of healthy life lost (YHLL): years in which major life activities are limited due to morbidity/dis-
ability; can be applied to mortality data sets to compare ditterent descriptions (ex// race), can be used to quantify
impact of disease on a population, can translate into an economic cost
9. risk factors: factors that can influence the health of a population; can be behaviours that attect health rather
than illnesses or diseases (i.e. not just reporting on a disease, but including the underlying causes of disease); tracking
factors can provide an indication of the direction that population health trends will move; often interrelated, complicated,
circular; not all equal, some are hard to attribute to specific outcomes (ex// we know that smoking can lead to lung
cancer, but what about socioeconomic status?)
10. biological risk factors: genetic endowment, aging
11. environmental risk factors: food, water, air, exposure to infectious diseases
SPH 200 Unit 3 Exam with complete solutions latest
version
1. health (historical): the absence of disease (historically infectious diseases plagued populations and thus
shapes the definition of health to exclusionary (the absence of disease)
2. health (1946 WHO): state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing (more positive than historical
definitions), wellness without injury or disease
3. health (1978 WHO): level of health that permits people to lead socially and economically productive lives
(wellness without disease or injury VERSUS wellness with disease or injury VERSUS illness without disease or injury
VERSUS illness with disease or injury) - people with disease can still be healthy (example early stage cancer)
4. many of our health metrics remain .: disease-based (even though the definition of health
has evolved to much more than just presence or absence of disease!)
5. mortality: death rates/life expectancy data; crude, binary measure of health (alive versus dead)
6. mortality-based measurements (2 most common): 1. life expectancy at birth
2. infant mortality rates
7. disability adjusted life year: A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life
lost due to premature death + time lived with illness, disease or injury (morbidity/disability).
8. years of healthy life lost (YHLL): years in which major life activities are limited due to morbidity/dis-
ability; can be applied to mortality data sets to compare ditterent descriptions (ex// race), can be used to quantify
impact of disease on a population, can translate into an economic cost
9. risk factors: factors that can influence the health of a population; can be behaviours that attect health rather
than illnesses or diseases (i.e. not just reporting on a disease, but including the underlying causes of disease); tracking
factors can provide an indication of the direction that population health trends will move; often interrelated, complicated,
circular; not all equal, some are hard to attribute to specific outcomes (ex// we know that smoking can lead to lung
cancer, but what about socioeconomic status?)
10. biological risk factors: genetic endowment, aging
11. environmental risk factors: food, water, air, exposure to infectious diseases
