BRAINSCAPE1
SPH 200 Quiz 7 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
Communicable disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Illness caused by an infectious agent or
its toxins = direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an
infected individual or via vector or fomite to a susceptible host
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-Ubiquitous single cell organisms - exist as commensal,
opportunistic or parasitic
Huge range of infectious types
Amenable to antibiotic treatment
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER-Replicate within a living cell - exist as DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat, amenable to vaccination as a prevention strategy
Protozoans - CORRECT ANSWER-Single celled organisms - wide variety of
morphologies, many infectious routes, often have both a proliferative and dormant
stage
Treatment varies based on infection
Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER-Parasitic worms - common in developing countries,
linked to poor sanitation and hygiene, flatworms, roundworms, tapeworms
Treatment varies based on worm type
Prions - CORRECT ANSWER-improperly folded forms of normal proteins - cause
spongiform encephalopathy
Poorly understood, no treatment
Routes of transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Respiratory
2) Tissue penetration
3) Gastrointestinal
4) Vector
5) Sexual contact
6) Transplantation
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
Respiratory transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-= High risk to public health
- Fast and easy
- Difficult to prevent
Tissue penetration transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- Risk only in areas where
parasites are present
- High risk in endemic areas bc difficult to control
Gastrointestinal transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- High risk to public health
- Food and waterborne transmissions
- Everybody eats and drinks
Vector transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- Risk varies based on presence of suitable
vectors
- If vectors present - transmission can be rapid and difficult to control`
Sexual contact transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- High risk but easy to prevent
- Prevention relies on behaviour
- Many asymptomatic which makes detection difficult
Transplantation transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-Low risk of occurrence but
development of disease is guaranteed
Very preventable with proper procedures
Entry and exit from the host - CORRECT ANSWER-- Respiratory tract - nose or mouth
- GIT - mouth
- urogenital tract - urethra
- skin
- mucosa - eyes, nose, esophagus
Entry and exit linked to transmission methods
Pathogen characteristics determine entry/exit
Some biological hazards can have multiple transmission routes/entry and exit
possibilities
Disease reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER-Sources that harbor infectious biological
hazards and thus serve as potential sources for disease outbreaks or continued
infection
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER-Agent of infection, usually an arthropod (but can be any
organism) that carries pathogen to next host
Reservoirs can include - CORRECT ANSWER-Both animals (zoonotic reservoirs) and
human (anthroponotic reservoirs) - pathogens can have incubation periods, cause little
to no symptoms, have dormant stages
BRAINSCAPE1
SPH 200 Quiz 7 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
Communicable disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Illness caused by an infectious agent or
its toxins = direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an
infected individual or via vector or fomite to a susceptible host
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-Ubiquitous single cell organisms - exist as commensal,
opportunistic or parasitic
Huge range of infectious types
Amenable to antibiotic treatment
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER-Replicate within a living cell - exist as DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat, amenable to vaccination as a prevention strategy
Protozoans - CORRECT ANSWER-Single celled organisms - wide variety of
morphologies, many infectious routes, often have both a proliferative and dormant
stage
Treatment varies based on infection
Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER-Parasitic worms - common in developing countries,
linked to poor sanitation and hygiene, flatworms, roundworms, tapeworms
Treatment varies based on worm type
Prions - CORRECT ANSWER-improperly folded forms of normal proteins - cause
spongiform encephalopathy
Poorly understood, no treatment
Routes of transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Respiratory
2) Tissue penetration
3) Gastrointestinal
4) Vector
5) Sexual contact
6) Transplantation
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
Respiratory transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-= High risk to public health
- Fast and easy
- Difficult to prevent
Tissue penetration transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- Risk only in areas where
parasites are present
- High risk in endemic areas bc difficult to control
Gastrointestinal transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- High risk to public health
- Food and waterborne transmissions
- Everybody eats and drinks
Vector transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- Risk varies based on presence of suitable
vectors
- If vectors present - transmission can be rapid and difficult to control`
Sexual contact transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-- High risk but easy to prevent
- Prevention relies on behaviour
- Many asymptomatic which makes detection difficult
Transplantation transmission - CORRECT ANSWER-Low risk of occurrence but
development of disease is guaranteed
Very preventable with proper procedures
Entry and exit from the host - CORRECT ANSWER-- Respiratory tract - nose or mouth
- GIT - mouth
- urogenital tract - urethra
- skin
- mucosa - eyes, nose, esophagus
Entry and exit linked to transmission methods
Pathogen characteristics determine entry/exit
Some biological hazards can have multiple transmission routes/entry and exit
possibilities
Disease reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER-Sources that harbor infectious biological
hazards and thus serve as potential sources for disease outbreaks or continued
infection
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER-Agent of infection, usually an arthropod (but can be any
organism) that carries pathogen to next host
Reservoirs can include - CORRECT ANSWER-Both animals (zoonotic reservoirs) and
human (anthroponotic reservoirs) - pathogens can have incubation periods, cause little
to no symptoms, have dormant stages
BRAINSCAPE1
