CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 16
EXAM Q’S AND A’S
Watson and Crick - ANSWER-discovered the structure of DNA as double helix in
1953
DNA replication - ANSWER-process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell
divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
Griffith - ANSWER-1928, Accidentally discovered transformation by combining a
heat killed virulent strain of bacteria with a live non virulent strain while studying
pneumonia.
transformation - ANSWER-(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the
uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Avery - ANSWER-1944 - experiments on the strains of a cell that led to the discovery
that DNA was the transforming factor not the protein
bacteriophage - ANSWER-a virus that infects bacteria
virus - ANSWER-an infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER-Identified DNA to be genetic material through
experiments with bacteriophages
Chargaff's rules - ANSWER-1. number of adenines = number of thymines
number of cytosines = number of guanines
2. species differ in the number of relative amounts of bases
double helix - ANSWER-twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide
strands twisted around each other
antiparallel - ANSWER-Parallel, but running in opposite directions. The 5' end of one
strand of DNA aligns with the 3' end of the other strand in a double-helix.
semiconservative model - ANSWER-Type of DNA replication in which the replicated
double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one
newly made strand.
conservative model - ANSWER-The two parental strands reassociate after acting as
templates for new strands, thus restoring the parental double helix
dispersive model - ANSWER-each strand of both daughter molecules contains a
mixture of old and newly synthesized DNA
EXAM Q’S AND A’S
Watson and Crick - ANSWER-discovered the structure of DNA as double helix in
1953
DNA replication - ANSWER-process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell
divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
Griffith - ANSWER-1928, Accidentally discovered transformation by combining a
heat killed virulent strain of bacteria with a live non virulent strain while studying
pneumonia.
transformation - ANSWER-(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the
uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Avery - ANSWER-1944 - experiments on the strains of a cell that led to the discovery
that DNA was the transforming factor not the protein
bacteriophage - ANSWER-a virus that infects bacteria
virus - ANSWER-an infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER-Identified DNA to be genetic material through
experiments with bacteriophages
Chargaff's rules - ANSWER-1. number of adenines = number of thymines
number of cytosines = number of guanines
2. species differ in the number of relative amounts of bases
double helix - ANSWER-twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide
strands twisted around each other
antiparallel - ANSWER-Parallel, but running in opposite directions. The 5' end of one
strand of DNA aligns with the 3' end of the other strand in a double-helix.
semiconservative model - ANSWER-Type of DNA replication in which the replicated
double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one
newly made strand.
conservative model - ANSWER-The two parental strands reassociate after acting as
templates for new strands, thus restoring the parental double helix
dispersive model - ANSWER-each strand of both daughter molecules contains a
mixture of old and newly synthesized DNA
