Portage BIOD 121 Final Exam \ Most Recent Exam 2025/2026
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Explain what digestive ailments can be addressed by (1)
soluble and (2) insoluble fiber. Make sure to address how each
type of fiber works in your answer. - ANSWER-Soluble fiber
cannot be dissolved in water or broken down by the GI tract. It
slows the absorption of blood sugar into the cells and can help
lower cholesterol. This means that increased soluble fiber can
help prevent hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol).
Insoluble fiber cannot be dissolved in water or broken down by
the GI tract. It increases the mass of stools and softens stools.
Increasing insoluble fiber is used as a treatment for
diverticulosis.
Which of the following does amylase digest? - ANSWER-starch
The process of ______ is when the body converts protein
derived from muscle
into glucose for fuel. - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
,High blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. -
ANSWER-False: High blood sugar levels are referred to as
hyperglycemia.
OR
Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.
(A) Explain how type 1 diabetes occurs and the disease's
symptoms. (B) Detail at least 3 ways it is different from type
2 diabetes. - ANSWER-(A) Type 1 diabetes occurs when
there is destruction of the beta cells in pancreas typically in
childhood so they no longer secrete insulin and there is a
rise in the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Symptoms
are excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and
ketosis.
(B) Differences:
Cause - Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the
pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Typically associated
with being overweight/diet On-set: type 2 has an adult onset
whereas type 1 is childhood or early adult Treatment: type 2 is
treated with oral medications (anti-diabetic drugs) whereas type
1 is treated with insulin
What is the difference between essential vs nonessential amino
acids? - ANSWER-Nonessential amino acids can be
manufactured by the body or converted from other existing
matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids. Essential amino
acids are 9 amino acids that we must consume through the diet
as our bodies cannot naturally synthesize them.
,What term describes the state when protein loss is greater
than intake? -
ANSWER-Negative protein
balance
Hillary is having her diet evaluated. She commonly will only eat
1 item. Like a bowl of rice, or some green lentils. As it pertains
to proteins, explain to Hillary the difference between complete
and incomplete proteins. Would her way of eating introduce
complementary proteins into her meal? - ANSWER-Complete
proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential
amino acids. Other than a few exceptions, plants provide
incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is
lacking.
Example of complete protein: Any animal product, soy, quinoa
and buckwheat Example of incomplete protein: plants (except
soy, quinoa and buckwheat)
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the
carbon units together. - ANSWER-true. It is the type of fat (e.g.
saturated, or unsaturated) that is dependant on the bonds that
link the carbon units together. A saturated fat contains only
single bonds of the carbon molecules. Unsaturated fats contain
one or more double bonds of carbon.
Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than
omega 3. - ANSWER-It has to do with the types of foods the
essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in
, vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain
in our diets.
lipoprotein - ANSWER-lipids surrounded by a shell of
phospholipids, protein,
and
cholesterol
cholesterol - ANSWER-a sterol that contains no glycerol
backbone
monounsaturated fatty acid - ANSWER-a fatty acid chain that
contains a single
double bond between
carbon atoms
polyunsaturated fatty acid - ANSWER-a fatty acid
containing two or more
carbon-carbon double
bonds
Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular
health. Explain where it is made, it's main components and
function in your answer. - ANSWER-LDL is a remnant of VLDL;
as VLDL loses triglycerides it becomes LDL. It's main
compnents are mostly cholesterol, and some triglycerides. It's
function is to deliver cholesterol from the liver into cells. It is
commonly referred to as the "bad cholesterol". It is a marker of
cardiovascular health because too much LDL can lead to
Actual Complete Real Exam Questions & Correct Answers |
100% Verified solutions | Already Graded A+ | Newest Exam |
Just Released!!
Explain what digestive ailments can be addressed by (1)
soluble and (2) insoluble fiber. Make sure to address how each
type of fiber works in your answer. - ANSWER-Soluble fiber
cannot be dissolved in water or broken down by the GI tract. It
slows the absorption of blood sugar into the cells and can help
lower cholesterol. This means that increased soluble fiber can
help prevent hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol).
Insoluble fiber cannot be dissolved in water or broken down by
the GI tract. It increases the mass of stools and softens stools.
Increasing insoluble fiber is used as a treatment for
diverticulosis.
Which of the following does amylase digest? - ANSWER-starch
The process of ______ is when the body converts protein
derived from muscle
into glucose for fuel. - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
,High blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. -
ANSWER-False: High blood sugar levels are referred to as
hyperglycemia.
OR
Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.
(A) Explain how type 1 diabetes occurs and the disease's
symptoms. (B) Detail at least 3 ways it is different from type
2 diabetes. - ANSWER-(A) Type 1 diabetes occurs when
there is destruction of the beta cells in pancreas typically in
childhood so they no longer secrete insulin and there is a
rise in the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Symptoms
are excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and
ketosis.
(B) Differences:
Cause - Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the
pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Typically associated
with being overweight/diet On-set: type 2 has an adult onset
whereas type 1 is childhood or early adult Treatment: type 2 is
treated with oral medications (anti-diabetic drugs) whereas type
1 is treated with insulin
What is the difference between essential vs nonessential amino
acids? - ANSWER-Nonessential amino acids can be
manufactured by the body or converted from other existing
matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids. Essential amino
acids are 9 amino acids that we must consume through the diet
as our bodies cannot naturally synthesize them.
,What term describes the state when protein loss is greater
than intake? -
ANSWER-Negative protein
balance
Hillary is having her diet evaluated. She commonly will only eat
1 item. Like a bowl of rice, or some green lentils. As it pertains
to proteins, explain to Hillary the difference between complete
and incomplete proteins. Would her way of eating introduce
complementary proteins into her meal? - ANSWER-Complete
proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential
amino acids. Other than a few exceptions, plants provide
incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is
lacking.
Example of complete protein: Any animal product, soy, quinoa
and buckwheat Example of incomplete protein: plants (except
soy, quinoa and buckwheat)
True or false. If false, explain why it is false.
The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the
carbon units together. - ANSWER-true. It is the type of fat (e.g.
saturated, or unsaturated) that is dependant on the bonds that
link the carbon units together. A saturated fat contains only
single bonds of the carbon molecules. Unsaturated fats contain
one or more double bonds of carbon.
Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than
omega 3. - ANSWER-It has to do with the types of foods the
essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in
, vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain
in our diets.
lipoprotein - ANSWER-lipids surrounded by a shell of
phospholipids, protein,
and
cholesterol
cholesterol - ANSWER-a sterol that contains no glycerol
backbone
monounsaturated fatty acid - ANSWER-a fatty acid chain that
contains a single
double bond between
carbon atoms
polyunsaturated fatty acid - ANSWER-a fatty acid
containing two or more
carbon-carbon double
bonds
Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular
health. Explain where it is made, it's main components and
function in your answer. - ANSWER-LDL is a remnant of VLDL;
as VLDL loses triglycerides it becomes LDL. It's main
compnents are mostly cholesterol, and some triglycerides. It's
function is to deliver cholesterol from the liver into cells. It is
commonly referred to as the "bad cholesterol". It is a marker of
cardiovascular health because too much LDL can lead to
