COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
As humans, we are cognitive beings who - ANSWERS-• Acquire
information about the world around us
• Integrate that information with prior knowledge from our stored
memory
• Store that knowledge in our memory so we can use it later to help us
achieve our goals
First Step in the process of acquiring knowledge about the world
involves: - ANSWERS-Sensation and Perception
Sensation - ANSWERS-process by which our sensory receptors and
nervous system receive stimulus energies from the environment and
transduce them into neural impulses
Perception - ANSWERS-process of interpreting and organizing sensory
information through use of previous knowledge
Models of Object Perception - ANSWERS-Template Matching Model
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1
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
Feature-Analysis Model
Recognition by components Model
Prototype Model
Template Matching Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with a set of templates or specific patterns
stored in memory.
Problem w/ this model:
cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object recognition (e.g
individual differences in handwriting)
Feature-analysis model - ANSWERS-Discrimination of objects is based
on a small number of characteristics of stimuli
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PAGE
2
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
e.g People are faster at deciding whether the letters "G" and "M" are
different than letters "P" and "R"
Supported by neurological evidence - some neurons respond only to
horizontal lines, others to diagonals, etc.
Problem w/ this model:
Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with features that
move/distort (e.g horse/kangaroo)
recognition by components model - ANSWERS-View that an object is
represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D shapes called geons.
-Cup/pail composed of cylinder and curved tube geons in a particular
arrangement
Prototype Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a comparison
of the stimulus with an ideal, abstract example
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PAGE
3
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
- people are faster at identifying a sparrow as a bird than penguin
- one of the most famous models in all of cognitive psychology
-it has been hypothesized that our sensory systems act primarily as a
selective filtering mechanism
- But prototype theory suggests that our minds can also perceive objects
in a very different way...
-that which is essential is invisible to the eye
Selective Filtering Mechanism (Baseline of the Prototype Model) -
ANSWERS-- This filter sorts things according to a limited number of
variables (e.g warm, unpleasant, green) out of which we construct our
world
Mindfulness - ANSWERS-An alternative mode of perception.
Mindfulness is largely about seeing the "suchness" of things, that is ,
seeing things directly without conceptual filters
END OF
PAGE
4
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
As humans, we are cognitive beings who - ANSWERS-• Acquire
information about the world around us
• Integrate that information with prior knowledge from our stored
memory
• Store that knowledge in our memory so we can use it later to help us
achieve our goals
First Step in the process of acquiring knowledge about the world
involves: - ANSWERS-Sensation and Perception
Sensation - ANSWERS-process by which our sensory receptors and
nervous system receive stimulus energies from the environment and
transduce them into neural impulses
Perception - ANSWERS-process of interpreting and organizing sensory
information through use of previous knowledge
Models of Object Perception - ANSWERS-Template Matching Model
END OF
PAGE
1
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
Feature-Analysis Model
Recognition by components Model
Prototype Model
Template Matching Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with a set of templates or specific patterns
stored in memory.
Problem w/ this model:
cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object recognition (e.g
individual differences in handwriting)
Feature-analysis model - ANSWERS-Discrimination of objects is based
on a small number of characteristics of stimuli
END OF
PAGE
2
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
e.g People are faster at deciding whether the letters "G" and "M" are
different than letters "P" and "R"
Supported by neurological evidence - some neurons respond only to
horizontal lines, others to diagonals, etc.
Problem w/ this model:
Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with features that
move/distort (e.g horse/kangaroo)
recognition by components model - ANSWERS-View that an object is
represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D shapes called geons.
-Cup/pail composed of cylinder and curved tube geons in a particular
arrangement
Prototype Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a comparison
of the stimulus with an ideal, abstract example
END OF
PAGE
3
, COG SCI C100 LATEST
MIDTERM 1 EXAM
- people are faster at identifying a sparrow as a bird than penguin
- one of the most famous models in all of cognitive psychology
-it has been hypothesized that our sensory systems act primarily as a
selective filtering mechanism
- But prototype theory suggests that our minds can also perceive objects
in a very different way...
-that which is essential is invisible to the eye
Selective Filtering Mechanism (Baseline of the Prototype Model) -
ANSWERS-- This filter sorts things according to a limited number of
variables (e.g warm, unpleasant, green) out of which we construct our
world
Mindfulness - ANSWERS-An alternative mode of perception.
Mindfulness is largely about seeing the "suchness" of things, that is ,
seeing things directly without conceptual filters
END OF
PAGE
4
