PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 1,2 & 3
EXAM REVIEW, PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 3, ADV PHARM 5334 UTA
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS(GRADED A+)
Four Phases of Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Bioavailability
The extent to which a drug becomes available to the body after absorption.
"Free Drug"
A drug that is not bound to proteins and is free to exert its therapeutic
effects.
Nicotine
A CYP 450 inducer
Effects:
1. Increases the metabolism of drugs
2. Results in decreased effects of the drug
3. Shortens the drug’s half-life
,Grapefruit Juice
A CYP 450 inhibitor
Effects:
1. Decreases drug metabolism
2. May lead to drug toxicity
3. Shortens the drug's half-life
Kidneys -ANSWER✔✔The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life -ANSWER✔✔The time required for one half of the drug to be removed
from the body
Peak Effect -ANSWER✔✔The time taken for the drug to reach maximum
therapeutic response
Peak Level -ANSWER✔✔- The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism -ANSWER✔✔The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body
composition and other characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. -
ANSWER✔✔1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption?
-ANSWER✔✔- High Fat Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
,- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? -ANSWER✔✔-
Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL -ANSWER✔✔- 4-6
grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than
normal. -ANSWER✔✔- Alkaline
Prodrug -ANSWER✔✔- A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an
active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction -ANSWER✔✔- The opposite reaction than what is expected
with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? -ANSWER✔✔- Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? -ANSWER✔✔- The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication -ANSWER✔✔- proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
, Generic Medication -ANSWER✔✔- Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) -ANSWER✔✔1. Drug is ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? -ANSWER✔✔- The movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the
_______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. -ANSWER✔✔- A drug that is
absorbed through the intestines must first pass through the liver before it reaches
the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect -ANSWER✔✔- A large portion is changed into an inactive
metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect?
-ANSWER✔✔- Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? -ANSWER✔✔- Parenteral
and topical
EXAM REVIEW, PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 3, ADV PHARM 5334 UTA
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS(GRADED A+)
Four Phases of Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Bioavailability
The extent to which a drug becomes available to the body after absorption.
"Free Drug"
A drug that is not bound to proteins and is free to exert its therapeutic
effects.
Nicotine
A CYP 450 inducer
Effects:
1. Increases the metabolism of drugs
2. Results in decreased effects of the drug
3. Shortens the drug’s half-life
,Grapefruit Juice
A CYP 450 inhibitor
Effects:
1. Decreases drug metabolism
2. May lead to drug toxicity
3. Shortens the drug's half-life
Kidneys -ANSWER✔✔The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life -ANSWER✔✔The time required for one half of the drug to be removed
from the body
Peak Effect -ANSWER✔✔The time taken for the drug to reach maximum
therapeutic response
Peak Level -ANSWER✔✔- The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism -ANSWER✔✔The effect of a patient's age, gender, size, body
composition and other characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. -
ANSWER✔✔1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect absorption?
-ANSWER✔✔- High Fat Diets = increased absorption of many drugs
,- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? -ANSWER✔✔-
Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL -ANSWER✔✔- 4-6
grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than
normal. -ANSWER✔✔- Alkaline
Prodrug -ANSWER✔✔- A drug that is converted from an inactive form into an
active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction -ANSWER✔✔- The opposite reaction than what is expected
with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? -ANSWER✔✔- Chemical, trade and generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? -ANSWER✔✔- The chemical structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication -ANSWER✔✔- proprietary name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
, Generic Medication -ANSWER✔✔- Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) -ANSWER✔✔1. Drug is ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? -ANSWER✔✔- The movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the
_______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. -ANSWER✔✔- A drug that is
absorbed through the intestines must first pass through the liver before it reaches
the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect -ANSWER✔✔- A large portion is changed into an inactive
metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass effect?
-ANSWER✔✔- Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? -ANSWER✔✔- Parenteral
and topical
