ATI GERONTOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025-2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY
TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Age related changes affecting the oral cavity.-CORRECT
ANSWERS-1. Thinning of the epithelium and tissue atrophy in
the soft tissue of the oral cavity.
2. The number and condition of dental restorations
3. Change in alignment between adjacent teeth due to
recession of the gums.
4. The taste buds of the tongue decrease in number with a
resulting hypogeusia.
5. Salivary function decreases
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,6. Tooth loss due to severe osteoporosis.
7. Worn down enamel.
Age related changes affecting the GI system.-CORRECT
ANSWERS-Begin before the age of 50 and gradually throughout
life.
–Changes in the mouth, including loss of teeth, periodontal
disease, decline in sense of taste and smell, and decreases in
salivary secretion.
–Decreased esophageal motility.
–Diminished gastric motility with increased stomach emptying
time.
–Diminished capacity of the gastric mucosa to resist damage
from factors such as NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori.
–Achlorhydria or insufficient hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
–Decreased production of intrinsic factor leading to pernicious
anemia.
–Decreased pancreas size with duct hyperplasia and lobular
fibrosis.
–Increased incidence of cholelithiasis(gallstones) and decreased
production of bile acid synthesis.
–Decreased liver size and blood flow.
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,–Decreased thirst and hunger drive due to cognitive changes or
psychological conditions such as depression.
–Increased medication use and possible adverse drug reactions
(anticholinergics, antihypertensives, iron and calcium
supplements, antiemetics, aluminum–containing antacids,
opiaes, and laxatives)
–Diminished anal sphincter tone and strength.
Potential barriers to maintaining good oral hygiene in the
elderly adult.-CORRECT ANSWERS-Barriers to mouth care
include lack of training and knowledge about the importance of
oral hygiene, lack of perceived need for oral care, heavy
workloads, and resistance by older persons with dementia.
Prevalence of and potential causes and contributing factors,
symptoms of periodontal disease (gum disease) and gingivitis.-
CORRECT ANSWERS-The severity of periodontal diseases
increases with age.
Men are more likely than women to have more severe gum
disease, and older people at the lowest socioeconomic level
have the most severe periodontal disease.
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, Gingivitis results from bacterial colonization at the gum margin
and in the sulcus between the margin and the tooth.
Symptoms include inflammation of the gums associated with
redness, swelling, and a tendency to bleed.
Contributing risk factors include: Smoking, diabetes,
medications, poor nutrition, stress, illness, and genetic
susceptibility.
Treatment: Chlorhexidine (Peridex)
Negative effects of poor oral care.-CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Social
isolation and depression
2. Systemic illness such as aspiration pneumonia and perhaps
heart disease.
3. Periodontal disease, which can negatively affect glycemic
control in persons with diabetes.
4. Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies.
5. Pain, halitosis, tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal disease.
6. Denture stomatitis.
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QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY
TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Age related changes affecting the oral cavity.-CORRECT
ANSWERS-1. Thinning of the epithelium and tissue atrophy in
the soft tissue of the oral cavity.
2. The number and condition of dental restorations
3. Change in alignment between adjacent teeth due to
recession of the gums.
4. The taste buds of the tongue decrease in number with a
resulting hypogeusia.
5. Salivary function decreases
1|Page
,6. Tooth loss due to severe osteoporosis.
7. Worn down enamel.
Age related changes affecting the GI system.-CORRECT
ANSWERS-Begin before the age of 50 and gradually throughout
life.
–Changes in the mouth, including loss of teeth, periodontal
disease, decline in sense of taste and smell, and decreases in
salivary secretion.
–Decreased esophageal motility.
–Diminished gastric motility with increased stomach emptying
time.
–Diminished capacity of the gastric mucosa to resist damage
from factors such as NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori.
–Achlorhydria or insufficient hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
–Decreased production of intrinsic factor leading to pernicious
anemia.
–Decreased pancreas size with duct hyperplasia and lobular
fibrosis.
–Increased incidence of cholelithiasis(gallstones) and decreased
production of bile acid synthesis.
–Decreased liver size and blood flow.
2|Page
,–Decreased thirst and hunger drive due to cognitive changes or
psychological conditions such as depression.
–Increased medication use and possible adverse drug reactions
(anticholinergics, antihypertensives, iron and calcium
supplements, antiemetics, aluminum–containing antacids,
opiaes, and laxatives)
–Diminished anal sphincter tone and strength.
Potential barriers to maintaining good oral hygiene in the
elderly adult.-CORRECT ANSWERS-Barriers to mouth care
include lack of training and knowledge about the importance of
oral hygiene, lack of perceived need for oral care, heavy
workloads, and resistance by older persons with dementia.
Prevalence of and potential causes and contributing factors,
symptoms of periodontal disease (gum disease) and gingivitis.-
CORRECT ANSWERS-The severity of periodontal diseases
increases with age.
Men are more likely than women to have more severe gum
disease, and older people at the lowest socioeconomic level
have the most severe periodontal disease.
3|Page
, Gingivitis results from bacterial colonization at the gum margin
and in the sulcus between the margin and the tooth.
Symptoms include inflammation of the gums associated with
redness, swelling, and a tendency to bleed.
Contributing risk factors include: Smoking, diabetes,
medications, poor nutrition, stress, illness, and genetic
susceptibility.
Treatment: Chlorhexidine (Peridex)
Negative effects of poor oral care.-CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Social
isolation and depression
2. Systemic illness such as aspiration pneumonia and perhaps
heart disease.
3. Periodontal disease, which can negatively affect glycemic
control in persons with diabetes.
4. Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies.
5. Pain, halitosis, tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal disease.
6. Denture stomatitis.
4|Page
