ATI CAPSTONE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
/.Antiemetics
- Used to treat/prevent nausea/vomiting
- monitor for sedation
- 5HT3 Receptor Antagonist (serotonin antagonists)
* Dolasetron (Anzemet)
* Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso)
* Ondansetron (Zofran)
* Tropisetron (Navoban)
- Dopamine antagonists
* Promethazine (Phenergan)
* Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
* Metoclopramide (Reglan): monitor extra-pyramidal
- Antihistamines
* Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
* Dimenhydrinate (Gravol. Dramamine)
* Meclizine (Bonine, Antivert)
- Cannabinoids
* Cannabis: medicinal marijuana
* Dronabinol (Marinol)
/.Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Decrease stomach acid by inhibiting those gastric proton pumps that make the acid
- They stop the acid at the pump!
- Can cause B12 deficiency (long-term)
* Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omepral, Omez)
* Lansoprazole (Prevacid, Zoton, Inhibitol)
* Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex, Dexilant)
* Esomeprazole (Nexium, Esotrex)
* Pantoprazole (Protonix, Somac, Pantozol, Zentro)
/.Erectile Dysfunction Agents
- ED meds act by increasing nitiric oxide which opens and relaxes the blood vessels of
the penis causing increased blood flow.
- Side effects include headache, flushing, back pain, and muscle aches, temporary
vision changes.
, - Men who have heart problems, uncontrolled BP, history of stroke, shouldn't take.
* Sildenafil (Viagra): "blue vision"
* Vardenafil (Levitra)
* Tadalafil (Cialis)
/.Antianemics
- Iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia
- Iron can cause staining of teeth; dilute liquid iron with orange juice or water and drink
with straw, rinse mouth.
- Iron can cause staining of skin with IM injections, use z track method
- Iron interactions: antacids and tetracyclines reduce absorption of iron, take 2 hours
apart; vitamin C (avoid) increases absorption and increases GI complications
(nausea/vomit/constipation/heartburn)
- Instruct patients to take iron on empty stomach. 1 hour before meals to max
absorption
- Instruct patients to space out doses at equal intervals to efficiently increase red blood
cell production
- Inform patients to anticipate a harmless dark green or black stool
- Instruct patients to increase fluid intake and fiber and maintain exercise regimen
- Encourage intake of fiber (liver, egg yolks, muscle meat, yeast)
/.Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, for prevention of coronary events,
protection vs MI and stroke for patients with diabetes, and to help increase HDL (helps
prevent LDL from building up in arteries)
- Risk of hepatotoxicity; obtain AST and ALT before and 12 weeks after and every 6
months
- Avoid alcohol!
- Risk for myopathy and peripheral neuropathy; report muscle weakness, aches, pain,
tingling, and tenderness; monitor CK levels
- Think "we need to protect the liver and muscles stat"
* Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
* Simvastatin (Zocor)
* Lovastatin (Mevacor)
* Pravastatin (Pravachol)
* Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
* Fluvastatin ( Lescol)
/.Anticoagulants
- Prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with the clotting cascade.
- Contraindicated with active bleeding, ulcers, hemorrhagic brain injuries.
* Heparin:
AND ANSWERS
/.Antiemetics
- Used to treat/prevent nausea/vomiting
- monitor for sedation
- 5HT3 Receptor Antagonist (serotonin antagonists)
* Dolasetron (Anzemet)
* Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso)
* Ondansetron (Zofran)
* Tropisetron (Navoban)
- Dopamine antagonists
* Promethazine (Phenergan)
* Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
* Metoclopramide (Reglan): monitor extra-pyramidal
- Antihistamines
* Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
* Dimenhydrinate (Gravol. Dramamine)
* Meclizine (Bonine, Antivert)
- Cannabinoids
* Cannabis: medicinal marijuana
* Dronabinol (Marinol)
/.Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Decrease stomach acid by inhibiting those gastric proton pumps that make the acid
- They stop the acid at the pump!
- Can cause B12 deficiency (long-term)
* Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omepral, Omez)
* Lansoprazole (Prevacid, Zoton, Inhibitol)
* Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex, Dexilant)
* Esomeprazole (Nexium, Esotrex)
* Pantoprazole (Protonix, Somac, Pantozol, Zentro)
/.Erectile Dysfunction Agents
- ED meds act by increasing nitiric oxide which opens and relaxes the blood vessels of
the penis causing increased blood flow.
- Side effects include headache, flushing, back pain, and muscle aches, temporary
vision changes.
, - Men who have heart problems, uncontrolled BP, history of stroke, shouldn't take.
* Sildenafil (Viagra): "blue vision"
* Vardenafil (Levitra)
* Tadalafil (Cialis)
/.Antianemics
- Iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia
- Iron can cause staining of teeth; dilute liquid iron with orange juice or water and drink
with straw, rinse mouth.
- Iron can cause staining of skin with IM injections, use z track method
- Iron interactions: antacids and tetracyclines reduce absorption of iron, take 2 hours
apart; vitamin C (avoid) increases absorption and increases GI complications
(nausea/vomit/constipation/heartburn)
- Instruct patients to take iron on empty stomach. 1 hour before meals to max
absorption
- Instruct patients to space out doses at equal intervals to efficiently increase red blood
cell production
- Inform patients to anticipate a harmless dark green or black stool
- Instruct patients to increase fluid intake and fiber and maintain exercise regimen
- Encourage intake of fiber (liver, egg yolks, muscle meat, yeast)
/.Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, for prevention of coronary events,
protection vs MI and stroke for patients with diabetes, and to help increase HDL (helps
prevent LDL from building up in arteries)
- Risk of hepatotoxicity; obtain AST and ALT before and 12 weeks after and every 6
months
- Avoid alcohol!
- Risk for myopathy and peripheral neuropathy; report muscle weakness, aches, pain,
tingling, and tenderness; monitor CK levels
- Think "we need to protect the liver and muscles stat"
* Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
* Simvastatin (Zocor)
* Lovastatin (Mevacor)
* Pravastatin (Pravachol)
* Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
* Fluvastatin ( Lescol)
/.Anticoagulants
- Prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with the clotting cascade.
- Contraindicated with active bleeding, ulcers, hemorrhagic brain injuries.
* Heparin:
