NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines
(Cardiovascular, Pulmonary System, and Shock
States) - Practice Questions With A+ Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (141)
Superior vena cava to inferior
vena cave. Blood then enters
the right atrium and passes
through the tricuspid valve to
the right ventricle. The right
ventricle pumps the blood to
the lungs through the
How does blood flow pulmonary valve to the
through the heart pulmonary arteries where it
chambers/valves? becomes oxygenated. The
oxygenated blood is brought
back to the heart by the
pulmonary veins which enter
the left atrium. From the left
atrium blood flows through the
bicuspid (mitral) valve into the
left ventricle.
a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
Which coronary arteries
ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.
provide blood to which
part of the heart?
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the
RV and LV
, Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel
What factors contribute Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel
to blood flow in a vessel? Viscosity (n) of the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
Q=blood flow
QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS=
blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
What does QP: QS mean 1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
and what factors alter a 2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2
normal ratio? 3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2
a) Factors affecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the
arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of
arteries and arterioles
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
, At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin
and tropomyosin complexes. During action
potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves
the complexes off the actin active site. Actin and
myosin interact (contract).
Explain the process of
cardiac contraction and
"Walk-along" theory:
relaxation.
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin
filament at the active site.
What are the roles of
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt
actin, myosin, and
forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin
troponin in this process?
filament with it (power stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next
actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres=
muscle contraction.
Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both,
equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta 2.
What is the effect of
Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth
Epinephrine on the
muscle contraction, myocardial contractility,
cardiovascular system?
coronary flow, increase systolic blood pressure,
mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some effect
What is the effect of
on Beta 1, none on Beta 2. Strong vasoconstriction
Norepinephrine on the
(smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary
cardiovascular system?
flow, increase systolic and some diastolic BP.
What is the effect of Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP
Dopamine on the (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and dopamine
cardiovascular system? receptors)
0-Depolarization
1-Early repolarization
What is the process of Rapid sodium entering the cell
generating a cardiac 2. Plateau (repolarization)
action potential? Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell
What electrolytes are 3. Potassium moves out of the cells
involved? 4. Return to resting potential
Sodium, Calcium, Potassium
, What is the conduction SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right & Left
pathway? Bundle Branches, Perkinje Fibers
P-wave: spread of
depolarization through the
atria followed by atrial
contraction.
P-R interval: pause in
How does conduction conduction at the A-V node
correlate with the EKG QRS complex: Depolarization
and activity in the heart? of the ventricle, followed by
ventricular contraction
T wave: depolarization of the
ventricles, happens just before
the end of ventricular
contraction
Volume of blood returning to the heart from
Define preload.
systemic circulations. RA pressure or CVP
Systemic pressure=the pressure the heart must
Define afterload.
pump against to circulate blood=MAP
Amount of blood ejected with each contraction of
Define stroke volume.
the heart
Define end-diastolic Amount of blood in the heart after filling, before
volume. systole (end of diastole)
Define end-systolic Amount of blood that remains in the heart after
volume. systole
Percentage of blood in the chamber that is ejected
Define ejection faction.
with each systole
Amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
Define cardiac output.
minute
(Cardiovascular, Pulmonary System, and Shock
States) - Practice Questions With A+ Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (141)
Superior vena cava to inferior
vena cave. Blood then enters
the right atrium and passes
through the tricuspid valve to
the right ventricle. The right
ventricle pumps the blood to
the lungs through the
How does blood flow pulmonary valve to the
through the heart pulmonary arteries where it
chambers/valves? becomes oxygenated. The
oxygenated blood is brought
back to the heart by the
pulmonary veins which enter
the left atrium. From the left
atrium blood flows through the
bicuspid (mitral) valve into the
left ventricle.
a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
Which coronary arteries
ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.
provide blood to which
part of the heart?
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the
RV and LV
, Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel
What factors contribute Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel
to blood flow in a vessel? Viscosity (n) of the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
Q=blood flow
QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS=
blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
What does QP: QS mean 1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
and what factors alter a 2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2
normal ratio? 3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2
a) Factors affecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the
arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of
arteries and arterioles
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
, At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin
and tropomyosin complexes. During action
potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves
the complexes off the actin active site. Actin and
myosin interact (contract).
Explain the process of
cardiac contraction and
"Walk-along" theory:
relaxation.
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin
filament at the active site.
What are the roles of
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt
actin, myosin, and
forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin
troponin in this process?
filament with it (power stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next
actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres=
muscle contraction.
Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both,
equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta 2.
What is the effect of
Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth
Epinephrine on the
muscle contraction, myocardial contractility,
cardiovascular system?
coronary flow, increase systolic blood pressure,
mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some effect
What is the effect of
on Beta 1, none on Beta 2. Strong vasoconstriction
Norepinephrine on the
(smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary
cardiovascular system?
flow, increase systolic and some diastolic BP.
What is the effect of Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP
Dopamine on the (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and dopamine
cardiovascular system? receptors)
0-Depolarization
1-Early repolarization
What is the process of Rapid sodium entering the cell
generating a cardiac 2. Plateau (repolarization)
action potential? Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell
What electrolytes are 3. Potassium moves out of the cells
involved? 4. Return to resting potential
Sodium, Calcium, Potassium
, What is the conduction SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right & Left
pathway? Bundle Branches, Perkinje Fibers
P-wave: spread of
depolarization through the
atria followed by atrial
contraction.
P-R interval: pause in
How does conduction conduction at the A-V node
correlate with the EKG QRS complex: Depolarization
and activity in the heart? of the ventricle, followed by
ventricular contraction
T wave: depolarization of the
ventricles, happens just before
the end of ventricular
contraction
Volume of blood returning to the heart from
Define preload.
systemic circulations. RA pressure or CVP
Systemic pressure=the pressure the heart must
Define afterload.
pump against to circulate blood=MAP
Amount of blood ejected with each contraction of
Define stroke volume.
the heart
Define end-diastolic Amount of blood in the heart after filling, before
volume. systole (end of diastole)
Define end-systolic Amount of blood that remains in the heart after
volume. systole
Percentage of blood in the chamber that is ejected
Define ejection faction.
with each systole
Amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
Define cardiac output.
minute
