BIO 357 EXAM 5
Conducting portion - answer Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, large & small
bronchi. Has cartilage, and contains a respiratory epithelium that secretes goblet cells.
Warms/moistens air.
Respiratory portion - answer Smaller delicate bronchioles and alveoli. No cartilage or
mucus cells. Exchanges gas. Simple squamous found.
Bronchioles - answerAir flow regulator. Have smooth muscle in their walls
Alveoli - answer Little cavity, and the primary site of gas exchange. Lined with
pneumocystis cells (simple squamous)
Where does the actual gas exchange take place? - answer Alveoli
What part of the tract is involved in regulating airflow of the tract? - answer bronchioles
What is asthma? - answerThe bronchiole smooth muscle is contracting when it
shouldn't
What effect does parasympathetic nervous system have on the bronchioles? -
answerThe stimulate causes bronchoconstriction. Bronchioles contracted less air into
the lungs
What effect does sympathetic nervous system have on the bronchioles? - answerThe
stimulation causes bronchodilation. Bronchioles dilated allow more air into lungs
What is the function of the type I alveolar cell/pneumocyte? - answerShort diffusional
distance, gas exchange. Has simple squamous epithelium and is 90% of alveolar
surface
What is the function of the type II alveolar cell/pneumocyte? - answerCube shaped
secretory cells which produce surfactant
What is Boyle's Law and what does it have to do with the lungs? - answerIf the volume
of a container holding gas change, the pressure pf the gas will change in an inverse
manner. Moves gas.
What does the term "Bucket Handle Movement" refer to? - answerRefers to the
movement of the ribs and the thoracic cage that occurs as respiratory muscles contract
and thoracic volume changes
, What changes the size of the thoracic cavity? - answerVolume and pressure
What happens when the diaphragm contracts? - answerIt drops down, and pulls ribcage
up
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes? - answerRibcage drops down, and
diaphragm moves up
Why do the lungs remain inflated in the pleural cavity? - answerPressure in the pleural
cavity is lower than pressure on the lungs, which keeps the lungs from collapsing
What would cause lungs to deflate? - answerIf pleural pressure increases (puncture)
What is a pneumothorax? - answerAir in pleural cavity, lung collapses
Name the layers of the respiratory membrane - answerSurfactant, alveolar epithelium
(pnuemocyte type 1), basement membranes (pneumocyte and capillary), simple
squamous cells
What is surfactant? - answerLike a detergent, decreases surface tension and prevents
the alveoli from collapsing on itself. It reduces surface tension, It is produced the last
month of gestation. It is the reason premature babies have poor ventilation
How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus cause diffusion of oxygen into
the blood? - answerGas exchanges occur by simple diffusion through the respiratory
membrane. Dalton's law
How does it affect diffusion from capillary into the tissues? - answerAffect capillary
diffusion is up in the capillary
What is external respiration? - answerGas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
What is internal respiration? - answerGas exchange process that occurs between the
systemic capillaries and tissue cells
What is compliance of the lungs? - answerAbility for lungs to expand
What is recoil? - answerAbility for lungs to return to the original state
What are some processes that can decrease the compliance? - answerScoliosis,
kyphosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cancer
What are some process that can decrease the recoil? - answerEmphysema
How is oxygen carried in the blood? - answerDiffusion into blood, inside of red blood cell
that binds to hemoglobin
Conducting portion - answer Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, large & small
bronchi. Has cartilage, and contains a respiratory epithelium that secretes goblet cells.
Warms/moistens air.
Respiratory portion - answer Smaller delicate bronchioles and alveoli. No cartilage or
mucus cells. Exchanges gas. Simple squamous found.
Bronchioles - answerAir flow regulator. Have smooth muscle in their walls
Alveoli - answer Little cavity, and the primary site of gas exchange. Lined with
pneumocystis cells (simple squamous)
Where does the actual gas exchange take place? - answer Alveoli
What part of the tract is involved in regulating airflow of the tract? - answer bronchioles
What is asthma? - answerThe bronchiole smooth muscle is contracting when it
shouldn't
What effect does parasympathetic nervous system have on the bronchioles? -
answerThe stimulate causes bronchoconstriction. Bronchioles contracted less air into
the lungs
What effect does sympathetic nervous system have on the bronchioles? - answerThe
stimulation causes bronchodilation. Bronchioles dilated allow more air into lungs
What is the function of the type I alveolar cell/pneumocyte? - answerShort diffusional
distance, gas exchange. Has simple squamous epithelium and is 90% of alveolar
surface
What is the function of the type II alveolar cell/pneumocyte? - answerCube shaped
secretory cells which produce surfactant
What is Boyle's Law and what does it have to do with the lungs? - answerIf the volume
of a container holding gas change, the pressure pf the gas will change in an inverse
manner. Moves gas.
What does the term "Bucket Handle Movement" refer to? - answerRefers to the
movement of the ribs and the thoracic cage that occurs as respiratory muscles contract
and thoracic volume changes
, What changes the size of the thoracic cavity? - answerVolume and pressure
What happens when the diaphragm contracts? - answerIt drops down, and pulls ribcage
up
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes? - answerRibcage drops down, and
diaphragm moves up
Why do the lungs remain inflated in the pleural cavity? - answerPressure in the pleural
cavity is lower than pressure on the lungs, which keeps the lungs from collapsing
What would cause lungs to deflate? - answerIf pleural pressure increases (puncture)
What is a pneumothorax? - answerAir in pleural cavity, lung collapses
Name the layers of the respiratory membrane - answerSurfactant, alveolar epithelium
(pnuemocyte type 1), basement membranes (pneumocyte and capillary), simple
squamous cells
What is surfactant? - answerLike a detergent, decreases surface tension and prevents
the alveoli from collapsing on itself. It reduces surface tension, It is produced the last
month of gestation. It is the reason premature babies have poor ventilation
How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus cause diffusion of oxygen into
the blood? - answerGas exchanges occur by simple diffusion through the respiratory
membrane. Dalton's law
How does it affect diffusion from capillary into the tissues? - answerAffect capillary
diffusion is up in the capillary
What is external respiration? - answerGas exchange between the alveoli and the blood
What is internal respiration? - answerGas exchange process that occurs between the
systemic capillaries and tissue cells
What is compliance of the lungs? - answerAbility for lungs to expand
What is recoil? - answerAbility for lungs to return to the original state
What are some processes that can decrease the compliance? - answerScoliosis,
kyphosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cancer
What are some process that can decrease the recoil? - answerEmphysema
How is oxygen carried in the blood? - answerDiffusion into blood, inside of red blood cell
that binds to hemoglobin
