Bio 357 Quiz 1
-grow independently
-have the potential to metabolize
-evolve on their own
-interact with their environment - answer All microbes except viruses and intracellular
endosymbionts:
Resolution – answer Ability to distinguish between object and background or other
neighbors
Light microscopy - answer use of any kind of microscope that uses visible light to
observe specimens
Wet mount - answer a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as
water) for microscopic examination
Bright field microscopy - answergenerates a dark image of an object over a light
background
Dark field microscopy - answera form of microscopy in which the specimen is brightly
illuminated on a dark background
Phase contrast microscopy - answerRelies on phase ring which enhances differences in
light phase
Allows examination of living organisms and internal cell structures
Fluorescence microscopy - answerUses UV light
Fluorescent substances absorb UV light and emit visible light
Cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes (fluorochromes)
Differential stains - answeruse a primary stain and a counterstain to distinguish cell
types or parts
Bright field microscopy - answer
Dark field microscopy - answer
Phase contrast microscopy - answer
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy - answeruses polarized light
can distinguish internal features of cells
, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy - answer-laser & florescence
-pin point focused light of only one wavelength
0gives depth information to 3D structures
Atomic Force Microscopy - answer-scanning probe microscopy
-uses a cantilever which 'floats' over surfaces and defracts a laser beam to give surface
contour maps
-very high resolution
Atomic Force Microscopy - answer
uses electrons instead of light - answerDifference between electron and light
microscopy
Trasmission EM - answer-whole cells or cross sections
-0.2-2 nm resolution
-measures the electrons that pass through a sample
Scanning EM - answer-uses an electron beam to scan surfaces
-0.5-10 nm resolution
-measures by-products of electrons with surface structures and scattered electrons
Coccus & rod - answerMost common morphology of bacteria/archaea
usually one helical turn - answerSpirillum shape
spreading into new environments or attachment - answerStalk/Hyphae used for?
rod shaped bacterium on steroids (super long rods) - answerFilamentous bacteria
Largest bacteria - answerThiomargarita namibiensis
Mycoplasma - answerSmallest (independently-replicating) bacterium known
-lack cell walls
-can cause pneumonia & pelvic inflammatory disease
-can infect other vertebrates
-genomes only 0.6 Mbp - answerMycoplasma
greater surface nutrient exchange and energy generation
-faster growth & evolution
-better survival - answerHigher surface area/volume
less predation
slower growth - answerLower surface area/volume
-grow independently
-have the potential to metabolize
-evolve on their own
-interact with their environment - answer All microbes except viruses and intracellular
endosymbionts:
Resolution – answer Ability to distinguish between object and background or other
neighbors
Light microscopy - answer use of any kind of microscope that uses visible light to
observe specimens
Wet mount - answer a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as
water) for microscopic examination
Bright field microscopy - answergenerates a dark image of an object over a light
background
Dark field microscopy - answera form of microscopy in which the specimen is brightly
illuminated on a dark background
Phase contrast microscopy - answerRelies on phase ring which enhances differences in
light phase
Allows examination of living organisms and internal cell structures
Fluorescence microscopy - answerUses UV light
Fluorescent substances absorb UV light and emit visible light
Cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes (fluorochromes)
Differential stains - answeruse a primary stain and a counterstain to distinguish cell
types or parts
Bright field microscopy - answer
Dark field microscopy - answer
Phase contrast microscopy - answer
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy - answeruses polarized light
can distinguish internal features of cells
, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy - answer-laser & florescence
-pin point focused light of only one wavelength
0gives depth information to 3D structures
Atomic Force Microscopy - answer-scanning probe microscopy
-uses a cantilever which 'floats' over surfaces and defracts a laser beam to give surface
contour maps
-very high resolution
Atomic Force Microscopy - answer
uses electrons instead of light - answerDifference between electron and light
microscopy
Trasmission EM - answer-whole cells or cross sections
-0.2-2 nm resolution
-measures the electrons that pass through a sample
Scanning EM - answer-uses an electron beam to scan surfaces
-0.5-10 nm resolution
-measures by-products of electrons with surface structures and scattered electrons
Coccus & rod - answerMost common morphology of bacteria/archaea
usually one helical turn - answerSpirillum shape
spreading into new environments or attachment - answerStalk/Hyphae used for?
rod shaped bacterium on steroids (super long rods) - answerFilamentous bacteria
Largest bacteria - answerThiomargarita namibiensis
Mycoplasma - answerSmallest (independently-replicating) bacterium known
-lack cell walls
-can cause pneumonia & pelvic inflammatory disease
-can infect other vertebrates
-genomes only 0.6 Mbp - answerMycoplasma
greater surface nutrient exchange and energy generation
-faster growth & evolution
-better survival - answerHigher surface area/volume
less predation
slower growth - answerLower surface area/volume
