HAPS A&P II FINAL Exam NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
What two factors directly affect cardiac output?
(a) stroke volume and resistance
(b) stroke volume and heart rate
(c) heart rate and mean arterial pressure
(d) heart rate and total peripheral resistance - CORRECT ANSWER- b- stroke volume and heart
rate
In what phase of the mitosis is this cell? - CORRECT ANSWER- Metaphase
What division of the nervous system regulates skeletal muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER- Somatic
nervous system
A ____ consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates - CORRECT
ANSWER- motor unit
,Explain the polar nature of water , that is, why is water polar? - CORRECT ANSWER- The
oxygen is more electronegative compared to hydrogen resulting in the electrons spending more
time around oxygen conferring a partial negative charge on the oxygen and less time around
hydrogen thus conferring a partial positive charge on the hydrogen.
In what form and in what location(s) do humans store the majority of their carbohydrates? -
CORRECT ANSWER- Humans store their carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and in skeletal
muscles.
How can the Na+/K+ pump relate to the process of secondary active transport? - CORRECT
ANSWER- The ATP-driven Na+/K+ pump stores energy by creating a steep concentration
gradient for Na+ entry unto the cell. As Na+ diffuses back across the membrane through a
membrane co-transporter protein, it drives glucose against its concentration gradient into the
cell.
What type of chemical bond holds two water molecules together? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hydrogen bonding
What two hormones control bone remodeling? - CORRECT ANSWER- Parathyroid hormone and
calcitonin
What is heart block? - CORRECT ANSWER- Impaired transmission of impulses from atrium to
ventricle resulting in slower heart rhythms, and pacemaker would be implanted
The bones of the skull, veretbral column, and rib cage are part of the _______ - CORRECT
ANSWER- Axial skeleton
Name 2 of the 4 factors affecting the velocity of action potential conduction. - CORRECT
ANSWER- Axonal diameter, myelination, chemical factors (alcohol and anesthetics), physical
factors (pressure and temperature)
,The Frank-Starling law of the heart indicates that the stretching of cardiac cells lead to: -
CORRECT ANSWER- Increased contractile force, which increases stroke volume
Explain the negative feedback mechanism that occurs when blood calcium levels become too
low - CORRECT ANSWER- Parathyroid hormone is released and it (1) increases osteoclast
activity activity (2) increases calcium absorption from food (requires vitamin D) , and (3)
increases calcium reabsorption at the kidneys. These three responses cause blood calcium
levels to return to normal.
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are both specific types of which vesicular transport? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Endocytosis
Depolarization opens more sodium channels, which leads to increased depolarization, which
increases sodium permeability . This is an example of
(a) negative feedback
(b) positive feedback
(c) homeostasis
(d) feed-forward control - CORRECT ANSWER- b - positive feedback
What type of gland is distributed over most of the skin, especially on palms of the hands and
soles of the feet, and secretes sweat onto the surface of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER- Eccrine
gland which is a specific type of a sudoriferous (i.e. sweat gland)
Draw a hypertonic solutio - CORRECT ANSWER-
During excitation-contraction coupling, ________
, (a) the action potential propagates along the sacrolemma and down the t-tubules
(b) calcium binds to troponin
(c) the binding sites for myosin are exposed
(d) all the above - CORRECT ANSWER- d- all the above
What is cell apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER- Programmed cell death
What epithelial tissue type is found in the urinary bladder?
(a) simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
(b) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
(c) transitional epithelial tissue
(d) simple columnar epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- c- transitonal epithelial tissue
Define hyperplasia and atrophy in terms of individual cells - CORRECT ANSWER- Hyperplasia
means accelerated cell growth; atrophy means decreases in the size of the cell
Name 2 of the 4 functional characteristics of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER- Excitability
or irritability, contractility, extensibility , elasticity
Name 3 of the 6 factors that affect tissue repair - CORRECT ANSWER- Tissue type, type of
injury and immediate care, adequacy of blood supply, nutrition, state of health, and age
What region is the arrows at? - CORRECT ANSWER-
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
What two factors directly affect cardiac output?
(a) stroke volume and resistance
(b) stroke volume and heart rate
(c) heart rate and mean arterial pressure
(d) heart rate and total peripheral resistance - CORRECT ANSWER- b- stroke volume and heart
rate
In what phase of the mitosis is this cell? - CORRECT ANSWER- Metaphase
What division of the nervous system regulates skeletal muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER- Somatic
nervous system
A ____ consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates - CORRECT
ANSWER- motor unit
,Explain the polar nature of water , that is, why is water polar? - CORRECT ANSWER- The
oxygen is more electronegative compared to hydrogen resulting in the electrons spending more
time around oxygen conferring a partial negative charge on the oxygen and less time around
hydrogen thus conferring a partial positive charge on the hydrogen.
In what form and in what location(s) do humans store the majority of their carbohydrates? -
CORRECT ANSWER- Humans store their carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and in skeletal
muscles.
How can the Na+/K+ pump relate to the process of secondary active transport? - CORRECT
ANSWER- The ATP-driven Na+/K+ pump stores energy by creating a steep concentration
gradient for Na+ entry unto the cell. As Na+ diffuses back across the membrane through a
membrane co-transporter protein, it drives glucose against its concentration gradient into the
cell.
What type of chemical bond holds two water molecules together? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hydrogen bonding
What two hormones control bone remodeling? - CORRECT ANSWER- Parathyroid hormone and
calcitonin
What is heart block? - CORRECT ANSWER- Impaired transmission of impulses from atrium to
ventricle resulting in slower heart rhythms, and pacemaker would be implanted
The bones of the skull, veretbral column, and rib cage are part of the _______ - CORRECT
ANSWER- Axial skeleton
Name 2 of the 4 factors affecting the velocity of action potential conduction. - CORRECT
ANSWER- Axonal diameter, myelination, chemical factors (alcohol and anesthetics), physical
factors (pressure and temperature)
,The Frank-Starling law of the heart indicates that the stretching of cardiac cells lead to: -
CORRECT ANSWER- Increased contractile force, which increases stroke volume
Explain the negative feedback mechanism that occurs when blood calcium levels become too
low - CORRECT ANSWER- Parathyroid hormone is released and it (1) increases osteoclast
activity activity (2) increases calcium absorption from food (requires vitamin D) , and (3)
increases calcium reabsorption at the kidneys. These three responses cause blood calcium
levels to return to normal.
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are both specific types of which vesicular transport? - CORRECT
ANSWER- Endocytosis
Depolarization opens more sodium channels, which leads to increased depolarization, which
increases sodium permeability . This is an example of
(a) negative feedback
(b) positive feedback
(c) homeostasis
(d) feed-forward control - CORRECT ANSWER- b - positive feedback
What type of gland is distributed over most of the skin, especially on palms of the hands and
soles of the feet, and secretes sweat onto the surface of the skin? - CORRECT ANSWER- Eccrine
gland which is a specific type of a sudoriferous (i.e. sweat gland)
Draw a hypertonic solutio - CORRECT ANSWER-
During excitation-contraction coupling, ________
, (a) the action potential propagates along the sacrolemma and down the t-tubules
(b) calcium binds to troponin
(c) the binding sites for myosin are exposed
(d) all the above - CORRECT ANSWER- d- all the above
What is cell apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER- Programmed cell death
What epithelial tissue type is found in the urinary bladder?
(a) simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
(b) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
(c) transitional epithelial tissue
(d) simple columnar epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER- c- transitonal epithelial tissue
Define hyperplasia and atrophy in terms of individual cells - CORRECT ANSWER- Hyperplasia
means accelerated cell growth; atrophy means decreases in the size of the cell
Name 2 of the 4 functional characteristics of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER- Excitability
or irritability, contractility, extensibility , elasticity
Name 3 of the 6 factors that affect tissue repair - CORRECT ANSWER- Tissue type, type of
injury and immediate care, adequacy of blood supply, nutrition, state of health, and age
What region is the arrows at? - CORRECT ANSWER-
