BIOS 357 Exam 3
What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - answer Sensory input,
integration, and motor output
What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what does each
contain? – answer CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central nervous
system? - answer Sensory (afferent)
What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? - answer
Motor (efferent)
Define and where would you find:
1. sensory afferent neuron
2. motor efferent neuron
3. interneuron - answer1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to interneurons. Found in
afferent nervous system.
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
3. Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - answerSkin, skeletal muscle,
joints
What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - answerSmooth and cardiac
muscles, glands
1. Cell body
2. Nissl substance
3. dendrites
4. axon
5. hillock
6. terminal
7. synaptic cleft - answer1.
2. Large granular body found in neurons
3. short processes bringing info into cell body, increase surface area
4. long process extending from the body (mm to 3-4 ft long)
5. Where cell body and axon connect
6.
7.
, What is myelin and what are its functions? - answerWhite, fatty material covering axons.
Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
What is multiple sclerosis? - answerThe immune system eats away at the myelin
sheaths
What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - answerSchwann
What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - answerOligodendrocyte
Can neurons regenerate/heal? - answerNerves in PNS can regenerate, but nerves in
the CNS cannot
What is a node of Ranvier? - answerGaps in myelin sheath along axon
What structures are concentrated in the node area? - answerNa+ gated
channels/voltage gated channels
Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - answerIn salutatory
conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of Ranvier. It's faster than
continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated
neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons:
1. unipolar
2. bipolar
3. multipolar - answer1. 2 branches function as a single axon
2. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
3. many dendrites and 1 axon
Where would each type of neuron be found? - answer1. Sensory
2. Special senses
3. Motor
Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does each do? -
answerAstrocyte: wall off injuries
Ependymal: secrete CSF
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells
Oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheaths around axons
Name and describe the two types of neuroglial cells in the PNS. What does each do? -
answerSatellite: surround cell bodies
Schwann: produce myelin
Compare and contrast grey and white matter - what is it and where is each located? -
answerGray matter: deep, starts reflex. Cell body CNS, nuclei PNS ganglia
What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - answer Sensory input,
integration, and motor output
What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what does each
contain? – answer CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central nervous
system? - answer Sensory (afferent)
What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? - answer
Motor (efferent)
Define and where would you find:
1. sensory afferent neuron
2. motor efferent neuron
3. interneuron - answer1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to interneurons. Found in
afferent nervous system.
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
3. Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - answerSkin, skeletal muscle,
joints
What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - answerSmooth and cardiac
muscles, glands
1. Cell body
2. Nissl substance
3. dendrites
4. axon
5. hillock
6. terminal
7. synaptic cleft - answer1.
2. Large granular body found in neurons
3. short processes bringing info into cell body, increase surface area
4. long process extending from the body (mm to 3-4 ft long)
5. Where cell body and axon connect
6.
7.
, What is myelin and what are its functions? - answerWhite, fatty material covering axons.
Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
What is multiple sclerosis? - answerThe immune system eats away at the myelin
sheaths
What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - answerSchwann
What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - answerOligodendrocyte
Can neurons regenerate/heal? - answerNerves in PNS can regenerate, but nerves in
the CNS cannot
What is a node of Ranvier? - answerGaps in myelin sheath along axon
What structures are concentrated in the node area? - answerNa+ gated
channels/voltage gated channels
Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - answerIn salutatory
conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of Ranvier. It's faster than
continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated
neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons:
1. unipolar
2. bipolar
3. multipolar - answer1. 2 branches function as a single axon
2. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
3. many dendrites and 1 axon
Where would each type of neuron be found? - answer1. Sensory
2. Special senses
3. Motor
Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does each do? -
answerAstrocyte: wall off injuries
Ependymal: secrete CSF
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells
Oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheaths around axons
Name and describe the two types of neuroglial cells in the PNS. What does each do? -
answerSatellite: surround cell bodies
Schwann: produce myelin
Compare and contrast grey and white matter - what is it and where is each located? -
answerGray matter: deep, starts reflex. Cell body CNS, nuclei PNS ganglia
