BIOS 357 Exam 4
What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine gland? - answer Endocrine:
Ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the blood
Exocrine: Secretes product at the bodies surface or into the body cavities through ducts.
Hormones circulate in the blood throughout the body. Why do they then not act on all of
the cells in the body? - answer For a target cell to respond to a hormone, specific
protein receptors must be present on the cell's plasma membrane
What are the 2 classes of hormones we studied and where at the cell do they bind to
receptors? - Answer Water soluable: (protein hormones) binds at plasma membrane
Lipid soluable: (steroid and fatty-acid hormones) binds at intracellular receptors
What is a 2nd messenger? How does it affect the cell - answer2nd messenger: Made
from catalyzed enzymes, intracellular molecules produced by the binding of a chemical
to a membrane
Where are steroid receptors located and how do they stimulate the cell when bound by
a steroid (lipid based hormone) ? - answerLocated outside the plasma membrane of
target cells. They stimulate the cell by diffusing through the plasma membrane, enter
the nucleus and bind to a specific protein.
What is the function of a carrier protein? What types of hormones are associated with
carriers? - answerAct as "small boats" that carry the hormone molecules within the
blood. Amino acids
Hormone receptors have a high affinity for hormone binding. What does this mean and
why is it important to hormone action? - answerThis means that the hormone and
receptor bind together tightly. This is important because cells must bind with their
specific receptor for a response to occur.
Know the endocrine glands, what hormones they secrete, what the stimulus for
hormone release is, and what the primay functions for each hormone is. - answerPineal
Gland: Deep brain, secretes melatonin, helps maintain rhythm
Hypothalamus: brain, secretes ADH and oxytocin (OT), Control and relay centre of
endocrine system
*posterior* Pituitary Gland: Hormones from hypothalamus are carried here for storage
and release
, *anterior* Pituitary Gland: Secretes growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin
Thyroid Gland: Located in neck, Secretes Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin hormone
Ovaries and Testes: follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone. Produces
estrogen and testosterone.
Adrenal Glands: Located on top of kidneys, secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Parathyroid Gland: Located in the neck, secretes parathyroid/parathormone hormone
Pancreas: Located behind stomach, Secretes insulin and glucagon, regulates blood
sugar and helps digestion.
Thymus gland: Located in upper chest, secretes thymosin, produces t cells by puberty
then turns into fatty tissue
What are some disorders of the thyroid, pancreas we discussed? - answer**Thyroid
Disorders**
Goiters: thyroid enlarges because lack of iodine
Myxedema: caused by hypothyroidism in adults, results in physical and mental
sluggishness
Grave's disease: caused by hyperythroidism, results in increased metabolism, heat
intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss
**Pancreas Disorders**
Diabetes: Occurs in the absence of insulin or inability to produce insulin
Type 1: cant produce insulin
Type 2: receptors are faulty
Why is the pancreas referred to as a "double gland"? - answerIt has two parts
What is the relationship of anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?
How do they Differ? - answerPosterior stores and releases hormones made in
hypothalamus.
Anterior synthesizes and secreted several hormones from the hypothalamus.
What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine gland? - answer Endocrine:
Ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the blood
Exocrine: Secretes product at the bodies surface or into the body cavities through ducts.
Hormones circulate in the blood throughout the body. Why do they then not act on all of
the cells in the body? - answer For a target cell to respond to a hormone, specific
protein receptors must be present on the cell's plasma membrane
What are the 2 classes of hormones we studied and where at the cell do they bind to
receptors? - Answer Water soluable: (protein hormones) binds at plasma membrane
Lipid soluable: (steroid and fatty-acid hormones) binds at intracellular receptors
What is a 2nd messenger? How does it affect the cell - answer2nd messenger: Made
from catalyzed enzymes, intracellular molecules produced by the binding of a chemical
to a membrane
Where are steroid receptors located and how do they stimulate the cell when bound by
a steroid (lipid based hormone) ? - answerLocated outside the plasma membrane of
target cells. They stimulate the cell by diffusing through the plasma membrane, enter
the nucleus and bind to a specific protein.
What is the function of a carrier protein? What types of hormones are associated with
carriers? - answerAct as "small boats" that carry the hormone molecules within the
blood. Amino acids
Hormone receptors have a high affinity for hormone binding. What does this mean and
why is it important to hormone action? - answerThis means that the hormone and
receptor bind together tightly. This is important because cells must bind with their
specific receptor for a response to occur.
Know the endocrine glands, what hormones they secrete, what the stimulus for
hormone release is, and what the primay functions for each hormone is. - answerPineal
Gland: Deep brain, secretes melatonin, helps maintain rhythm
Hypothalamus: brain, secretes ADH and oxytocin (OT), Control and relay centre of
endocrine system
*posterior* Pituitary Gland: Hormones from hypothalamus are carried here for storage
and release
, *anterior* Pituitary Gland: Secretes growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin
Thyroid Gland: Located in neck, Secretes Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin hormone
Ovaries and Testes: follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone. Produces
estrogen and testosterone.
Adrenal Glands: Located on top of kidneys, secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Parathyroid Gland: Located in the neck, secretes parathyroid/parathormone hormone
Pancreas: Located behind stomach, Secretes insulin and glucagon, regulates blood
sugar and helps digestion.
Thymus gland: Located in upper chest, secretes thymosin, produces t cells by puberty
then turns into fatty tissue
What are some disorders of the thyroid, pancreas we discussed? - answer**Thyroid
Disorders**
Goiters: thyroid enlarges because lack of iodine
Myxedema: caused by hypothyroidism in adults, results in physical and mental
sluggishness
Grave's disease: caused by hyperythroidism, results in increased metabolism, heat
intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss
**Pancreas Disorders**
Diabetes: Occurs in the absence of insulin or inability to produce insulin
Type 1: cant produce insulin
Type 2: receptors are faulty
Why is the pancreas referred to as a "double gland"? - answerIt has two parts
What is the relationship of anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?
How do they Differ? - answerPosterior stores and releases hormones made in
hypothalamus.
Anterior synthesizes and secreted several hormones from the hypothalamus.
